Question

Give the main postulates of kinetic theory of matter

Answer 1

Gases are composed of a large number of particles that behave like hard, spherical objects in a state of constant, random motion.

These particles move in a straight line until they collide with another particle or the walls of the container.

These particles are much smaller than the distance between particles. Most of the volume of a gas is therefore empty space.

There is no force of attraction between gas particles or between the particles and the walls of the container.

Collisions between gas particles or collisions with the walls of the container are perfectly elastic. None of the energy of a gas particle is lost when it collides with another particle or with the walls of the container.

The average kinetic energy of a collection of gas particles depends on the temperature of the gas and nothing else.
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Answer 2

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• The shape of a molecule depends upon the number of electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom.
• Electron pair in the valence shell repel one another since their electron clouds are negatively charged.
• The electron pairs in the valence shell occupy their position in space around the central atom in a such a way that the distance between them is maximum and the molecule acquires a state of minimum energy and maximum stability.
• The repulsive interactions, of electron pairs decrease in the order → lone pair-lone pair > lone pair-bond pair > bond pair-bond pair
• The repulsion is maximum in the body when the angle is 90⁰ and minimum at 180⁰