Give the observation as well as inferences of rutherford's scattering experiment for determinening the structure of an atom?
Answers
Observations of Rutherford's alpha- particle scattering experiment--
=> Most of the a-particles passes through the gold foil undeflected.
=> Some of the a-particles were deflected by very small angles.
=> Very few(≈1 in 20000) a-particles rebounded i.e. were deflected by 180°.
Inference --
=> Most of the space inside an atom is empty as many of the a-particles passed through the foil undeflected.
=> A few positively charged a-particles were deflected. This deflection must be due to an enormous repulsive force showing that the positive charge is not spread throughout the atom as Thomson had presumed. The positive charge has to be concentrated in a very small volume that repelled and deflected the positively charged a-particles.
=> Calculations by Rutherford showed that the volume occupied by the nucleus is negligibly small as compared to the total volume of the atom. The radius of an atom is about 10(-10) m, while that of the nucleus is 10(-15) m. To compare, if the nucleus is taken to be the size of a cricket ball, then the atom would have a radius of 5 km.
Answer:
Observations and inferences are:-
Explanation:
Observations:-
- Most of the fast moving particles get passed straight through gold foil.
- Some of the a- particles were deflected by the small angles in the gold foil
- Very few particles rebounded.
Infrence -
- Fast moving particles passed straight through the gold foil because there is space present in the atom.
- Some of the particles were deflected by the small angles in the gold foil because it shows that less positivity is there in the atom because a particles were positively charged and the nucleous was also positively charged.
- Few particles rebounded because nucleous was hard and dense and it cant be described in the basis of the deflection.
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