Question

Give the preparation of sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide

Answer 1

Answer
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The preparation of nano-sized CeO2 powder by mechanochemical reaction of hydrate cerium carbonate with sodium hydroxide and subsequent heat treatment was studied using X-ray diffraction, differential thermal and thermo gravimetric analyses, and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the mechanochemical reaction process can be divided into two steps: the first step is the multi-phases mechanochemical reaction of cerium carbonate with NaOH to form amorphous cerium hydroxide, the second step is the crystallization of Ce(OH)4 to form crystalline CeO2·2H2O under a quasi-hydrothermal synthesis condition caused by the mechanical ball-milling. The CeO2powder obtained from as-milled Ce2(CO3)3·8H2O+NaOH following water washing and heat treatment at 800 °C appears clearly separated monodisperse nano-size particles: their crystal sizes are from 10 to 20 nm and the medium size aggregated particles is 0.21 μm.

Keywords

Nano-sized powder

Cerium oxide

Mechanochemical reaction

Ball milling

Answer 2

Explanation :

Preparation of the sodium carbonate :

(1) First we have to prepare the sodium bicarbonate from sodium chloride, water, ammonia and carbon dioxide.

$NaCl+H_2O+CO_2+NH_3\rightarrow NaHCO_3+NH_4Cl$

(2) Now we have to prepare sodium carbonate from the sodium bicarbonate by heating.

$2NaHCO_3\overset{\Delta}\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+CO_2+H_2O$

Preparation of sodium hydroxide :

Sodium hydroxide is prepared by the reaction of sodium amalgam with water.

$2NaHg+2H_2O\rightarrow 2NaOH+2Hg+H_2$