Question

Give the quantum numbers of the valence electron of an atom with atomic number 19.

Answer 1

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The electronic configuration of potassium is...

1 {s}^{2} 2 {s}^{2} 2 {p}^{6} 3 {s}^{2} 3 {p}^{6} 4 {s}^{1}1s

2

2s

2

2p

6

3s

2

3p

6

4s

1

The principle quantum number of the valence electron is n = 4, because the principle quantum number is the number of the shell containing the electron.

The azimuthal quantum number of the valence electron is l = 0, because the azimuthal quantum number defines the type of sub-shell, and the s-subshell has its azimuthal quantum number as 0.

The magnetic quantum number of the valence electron is also m = 0, because the available magnetic quantum numbers range from -l to l, and in this case it ranges from -0 to 0.

The spin quantum number may be ½ or -½. The value is purely arbitrary.

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