give the schematic representation classification of kingdom plant
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Answer:
Plant Kingdom – Plantae
Kingdom Plantae includes all the plants. They are eukaryotic, multicellular and autotrophic organisms. The plant cell contains a rigid cell wall. Plants have chloroplast and chlorophyll pigment, which is required for the photosynthesis.
Characteristics of Kindom Plantae
The plant kingdom has the following characteristic features:
They are non-motile.
They make their own food hence are called autotrophs.
They reproduce asexually by vegetative propagation or sexually.
These are multicellular eukaryotes. The plant cell contains the outer cell wall and a large central vacuole.
Plants contain photosynthetic pigments called chlorophyll present in the plastids.
They have different organelles for anchorage, reproduction, support and photosynthesis
Plant Kingdom – Plantae
Kingdom Plantae includes all the plants. They are eukaryotic, multicellular and autotrophic organisms. The plant cell contains a rigid cell wall. Plants have chloroplast and chlorophyll pigment, which is required for the photosynthesis.
Characteristics of Kindom Plantae
The plant kingdom has the following characteristic features:
They are non-motile.
They make their own food hence are called autotrophs.
They reproduce asexually by vegetative propagation or sexually.
These are multicellular eukaryotes. The plant cell contains the outer cell wall and a large central vacuole.
Plants contain photosynthetic pigments called chlorophyll present in the plastids.
They have different organelles for anchorage, reproduction, support and photosynthesis
The plant kingdom has been classified into five subgroups according to the above-mentioned criteria:
Thallophyta
Bryophyta
Pteridophyta
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Thallophyta
Thallophytes lack a well-differentiated body structure and the plant body is thallus like.
Thallophyta includes plants with primitive and simple body structure. The plant body is thallus, they may be filamentous, colonial, branched or unbranched. Examples include green algae, red algae and brown algae. Common examples are Volvox, Fucus, Spirogyra, Chara, Polysiphonia, Ulothrix, etc.
Bryophyta
Bryophytes do not have vascular tissues. The plant body has root-like, stem-like and leaf-like structures. Bryophytes are terrestrial plants but known as “amphibians of the plant kingdom” as they require water for sexual reproduction. They are present in moist and shady places. Bryophyta includes mosses, hornworts and liverworts. Some of the common examples are Marchantia, Funaria, Sphagnum, Antheoceros, etc.
Pteridophyta
Pteridophytes have a well-differentiated plant body into root, stem and leaves. They have a vascular system for conduction of water and other substances. Some of the common examples are Selaginella, Equisetum
Gymnosperms
Gymnosperms have a well-differentiated plant body and vascular tissues. They bear naked seeds, i.e. seeds are not enclosed within a fruit. Some of the common examples of gymnosperms are Cycas, Pinus, Ephedra, etc.
Angiosperms
Angiosperms are seed-bearing vascular plants with well-differentiated plant body. The seeds of angiosperms are enclosed within the fruits. Angiosperms are widely distributed and vary greatly in size, e.g. Wolffia is small measuring about 0.1 cm and Eucalyptus trees are around 100 m tall. Angiosperms are further divided into monocotyledons and dicotyledons according to the number of cotyledons present in the seeds. Some of the common examples are mango, rose, tomato, onion, wheat, maize, etc.
Cryptogams and Phanerogams
The plant kingdom is also classified into two groups:
Cryptogams – Non-flowering and non-seed bearing plants. E.g. Thallophyta, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta
Phanerogams – Flowering and seed-bearing plants. E.g. Gymnosperms, Angiosperms