Question

give the schematic representation of drug and alcohol abuse​

Answer 1

Answer:

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Answer 2

PublicationSchematic diagram showing that drugs of abuse, specifically cocaine and methamphetamine, accelerate HIV transcription; especially cocaine enhances HIV transcription by augmenting both initiation and elongation phases: Different drugs of abuse have been shown to activate NF-κB (discussed in text), but only the direct impact of METH and cocaine on HIV transcription has been documented so far. In a recent study, METH activated NF-κB has been shown to directly promote HIV transcription. Similarly, by performing a comprehensive analysis we define the underlying molecular mechanism which cocaine utilizes to promote both initiation and elongation phases of HIV transcription. Cocaine treatment results in the activation and recruitment of NF-κB and MSK1 at HIV LTR. MSK1 subsequently catalyzes the phosphorylation of NF-κB at its serine residue 276. Phosphorylation of NF-κB at 276 th serine residue enhances the functional capability of NF-κB by augmenting the interaction of NF-κB with HATs. HATs such as p300 in turn catalyze the acetylation of core histones (mainly H3 and H4) at HIV LTR and facilitate the establishment of transcriptionally active chromatin structures, which boost the access of transcription machinery to HIV LTR and thus facilitate the initiation phase of HIV transcription.