Question

give the theory of manufacturing of washing soda by Solvay's
process

Answer 1

Explanation:

The Solvay process is extensively used for industrial preparation of sodium carbonate (soda ash). The process is named after Ernest Solvay who developed the process during the 1860s.

Carbon dioxide reacts with the dissolved ammonia to form ammonium carbonate followed by ammonium hydrogen carbonate.

2NH3 +H2O + CO2 ---> (NH4)2CO3

(Ammonia) (Ammonium Carbonate)

(NH4)2CO3 + H2O + CO2 --> NH4HCO3

(Ammonium Carbonate) (Ammonium hydrogen carbonate)

NH4HCO3 + NaCl --> NH4Cl + NaHCO3

Sodium hydrogen carbonate crystal separates. These are heated to give sodium carbonate.

2 NaHCO3 --> Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O

But this process cannot be used to prepare potassium due to the high solubility of potassium bicarbonate and hence difficult to be precipitated by adding ammonium bicarbonate to a saturated solution of potassium

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Answer 2

Let us study : Solvay's process

Explanation:

Washing soda

Its molecular formula is : Na₂CO₃.10H₂O

It can be formed by : Solvay's process

Raw materials needed:

• Ammonia
• water
• carbon dioxide
• Sodium chloride

The reaction involved is :

NH₃ + CO₂ + H₂O+ NaCl ---->  NaHCO₃ + NH₄Cl

NaHCO₃---> Na₂CO₃ + H₂O

Na₂CO₃ + 10H₂O --> Na₂CO₃.10H₂O

The solvay's  process is an efficient process as the by products formed can be re-used .

For this : limestone is added and then the following steps takes place :

CaCO₃---> CaO + CO₂

CaO + H₂O --> Ca(OH)₂

Ca(OH)₂ + NH₄Cl---> CaCl₂ + NH₃ + H₂O