give two important region why the industrial revolution started in europe
Answers
Answer:
great Britain, North America.
Before the Industrial Revolution took place in Britain, most people resided in rural areas and worked as farmers. Commoners often experienced malnourishment and diseases. Local rural shops and homes usually made simple tools and furniture.
By the mid-18th century, a number of European states including Britain, Spain, and France were under competition as rising colonial powers. Britain had engaged in tremendous wars such as the Austrian war of succession (1740-1783), Seven Years’ War (1756-1763), American Revolutionary War (1775-1783), and the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). Due to massive pressure to produce the supply of goods needed for the war, Britain underwent industrial changes.
With the ideas of intellectuals like Isaac Newton, Galileo Galilei, and Nicolaus Copernicus, Europe became the seat of Scientific Revolution. European societies became more open to new and innovative ideas.
Beginning in the 17th century until the mid-19th century, methods in agriculture evolved in Belgium and Holland. Techniques such as crop rotation, enclosed fields, selective breeding, and manuring increased food production and promoted the idea of capitalism. Moreover, it led to rapid population growth.
By the 18th century, an inflow of immigrants led to the development of small industries. On the other hand, India as a British colony influenced the huge production and trade of cotton. As a result, Britain became known as a woollen industry, despite its inability to grow their own cotton due to cold climate. This established trading relations with India and southern United States.
Due to vast coal and iron reserves, Britain took advantage of these minerals to build industries such as shipbuilding, railroads, and construction.
Since the 18th century, Britain already had financial institutions like a central bank, countybanks, and the stock exchange which set the stage for entrepreneurship and capitalism.
The central bank of the United Kingdom, now known as the Bank of England was established in 1694 to secure Britain’s financial money and business flow.
With the rising economy of Britain, it put pressure on improving their transport system.