Given the limitations discussed in the article, which of the three features: car emissions, fuel efficiency, or engine power do you think will be the easiest to implement in the future? Please help with explanation!!!!
Answers
Answer:
At least 85% of transport energy is expected to come from conventional liquid fuels up to 2040.
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Hence internal combustion engines must be improved to reduce their local and global environmental impact.
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A number of feasible approaches to improving efficiency and reducing emissions are suggested.
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Engine strategies could reduce CO2 emissions by 30%, hybridisation and light-weighting by 50%.
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Implications for transportation policy are discussed.
Explanation:
Abstract
Currently 99.8% of global transport is powered by internal combustion engines (ICEs) and 95% of transport energy comes from liquid fuels made from petroleum. Many alternatives including battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and other fuels like biofuels and hydrogen are being considered. However, all these alternatives start from a very low base and face very significant barriers to unlimited expansion so that 85–90% of transport energy is expected to come from conventional liquid fuels powering combustion engines even by 2040. Hence it is imperative that ICEs are improved in order to reduce the local and global environmental impact of transport. This paper considers the scope for such improvement after discussing the basic principles that govern engine efficiency and the technologies to control exhaust pollution. The great scope for such improvement is illustrated by considering various practical approaches already in the market.