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Q. 1 ) What is hybridization ? Find the hybridization of CO2 and H2O
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Answers
The carbon atom has
s
p
hybridization; the
O
atoms have
s
p
2
hybridization.
Explanation:
You must first draw the Lewis structure for
CO
2
.
CO2
CO2
According to VSEPR theory, we can use the steric number
(
SN
)
to determine the hybridization of an atom.
SN
= number of lone pairs + number of atoms directly attached to the atom.
SN = 2
corresponds to
s
p
hybridization.
SN
=
3
corresponds to
s
p
2
hybridization.
We see that the
C
atom has
SN = 2
. It has no lone pairs, but it is attached to two other atoms.
It has
s
p
hybridization.
Each
O
atom has
SN = 3
. It has 2 lone pairs and is attached to 1
C
atom.
Just as the carbon atom hybridized to form the best bonds, so do the oxygen atoms.
The valence electron configuration of
O
is
[
He
]
2
s
2
2
p
4
.
To accommodate the two lone pairs and the bonding pair, it will also form three equivalent
s
p
2
hybrid orbitals.
To do hybridization of H2O, we look for the central atom in the molecule. The central atom is Oxygen so we do hybridization with respect to oxygen.
Oxygen contains 2 lone pairs of electrons + 2 sigma bonds with Hydrogen atom therefore it occupies 4 orbitals.
When these 4 orbitals are formed they occupy 1 s and 3 p orbitals.
So water shows sp3 hybridization.
