Good facilities on the travel routes is of great significance in promoting tourism
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Tourism has turned out to be an economic booster contributing to the economic development of many countries over the last few decades. People see holidays as a necessity, and not as luxury in the present scenario. Tourism calls for coordination and cooperation between travel agents, tour operators, and tourists. Tourism has a few major elements − destinations, attractions, sites, accommodation, and all ancillary services.
What is Tourism?
Tourism involves the activities of people travelling and staying in a place away from their home environment for leisure, business or other purposes.
Mathieson and Wall (1982) define tourism as follows −
"The temporary movement of people to destinations outside their usual places of work and residence, the activities undertaken during their stay in those destinations, and the facilities created to cater to their needs."
What is Tourism Management?
It involves the management of multitude of activities such as studying tour destination, planning the tour, making travel arrangements and providing accommodation. It also involves marketing efforts to attract tourists to travel to particular destinations.
There is a subtle difference between just travelling and tourism.
Travelling is going from the place of residence or work to another distant or a neighboring place by any means of transport. Routine commutation can be termed as travelling.
Tourism is travelling with an objective. All tourism necessarily include travel but all travel does not necessarily include tourism. We can say, travelling is a subset of tourism.
One similarity between travel and tourism is, they both are temporary movements.
Tourism Management - Types
In this chapter, we will be discussing the various types of tourism and their characteristics.
Mass Tourism
It involves tourism of organized large groups of people to special tourist locations. It is a traditional way where the daily program is fixed by the tour organizer. It is a social activity. The tourists generally desire for souvenirs and site-seeing.
For example, religious places, theme parks, boat cruises, resort towns.
Alternative Tourism
It includes individually organized tours to find first-hand information about a place, local culture, and environment.
For example, biking tour planned by an individual while accommodation is catered for on the go.
Business
It is touring for conducting business transactions, attending business meetings, workshops, or conferences. The objective of business tourism is mainly professional.
Pleasure
It includes tourism for improving one’s physical or spiritual well-being. For example, vacation at a Yoga or rehabilitation center.
Nature
It is tourism at places famous for pristine nature and serene beauty. The main objective is to experience and enjoy nature such as farms and wildlife. Ecotourism is a part of nature tourism.
Cultural
This type of tourism has an objective of understanding the local history of the place, foods, local productions, and local culture.
Social
It includes tours conducted among relatives, friends, and others.
Recreational Tourism
It includes travelling to escape from routine life. This is often done for enjoyment, amusement, or pleasure. For example, Camping or beach visit.
Active Tourism
It is conducted with a clear objective such as climbing a mountain, touring around the world, or learning local culinary arts or languages.
Sports Tourism
It is tourism for attending some sports event such as World Cup Cricket Match, FIFA, or Olympics.
Religious Tourism
It involves travelling to places of religious significance such as Vaishno Devi in Jammu-Kashmir and Golden Temple at Amritsar (India), Mecca in Saudi Arabia, Bethlehem, and other such places.
Health or Medical Tourism
It involves travelling to improve one’s health. It is with the objective of visiting weight-loss camps, naturopathy centers, and health resorts.
Adventure Tourism
It involves tourism for adventurous activities such as rock climbing, bungee jumping, sky-diving, hiking, horse-riding, surfing, rafting, or skiing.