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®✍ ⏩ How are alveoli designed to maximize the diffusion of respiratory gases ?

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Class-10th Cbse , Biology

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Brainlestuser , Brainly Team Mod.

Answer 1

In the lungs, the bronchioles terminate in very small microstructure called alveoli. These alveoli are shaped like balloons which help in increasing the surface area for rapid exchange of respiratory gases. This increase in surface area helps in maximizing the diffusion of respiratory gases.

The alveoli contains network of blood cappilaries. The blood coming from tissues contain large amount of CO2. And the air we breathe has higher concentration of oxygen in it. So oxygen gets diffused into the blood and CO2 is removed which is then exhaled out.

Answer 2

The alveoli are lined by thin squamous epithelium, which helps in easy diffusion of gases across the respiratory membrane.  The epithelial cells are further of two types: type 1 and type 2 alveolar epithelial cells/pneumocytes.The type 2 cells secrete alveolar surfactants which reduce the surface tension within the alveoli and prevent them from collapsing, there by, maintaining enough surface area for effective diffusion of gases.  The overall thickeness of the respiratory membrane is just 0.6 micrometers on an average. Thus, the distance for the diffusion of gases between a pulmonary capillary and the alveolar epithelium, is obviously very little, also contributing to the rapidity of exchange.