Question

Good morning friends after 3 hrs i have my history board exam plzź help me
Similarities and dissimilarites between the ideologies of fascism and nazisms

Answer 1

Differences and Similarities Between Fascism and Nazism


Updated on December 28, 2016
Victor Brenntice moreContact Author
Fascism and National Socialism are often mistaken for being one and the same thing. Yes, these ideologies did have a lot in common, yet some of the differences are substantial. Hitler and Mussolini didn’t always share the same ideas.




Origins of Fascism and National Socialism


Fascism originated in Italy around 1919, when then-Marxist Benito Mussolini – yes, Italy’s former Duce was a Marxist at first! – founded the so-called ‘Fasci di Combattimiento’, fighting forces consisting of World War I veterans. Its purpose was to restore order in Italy and give the country what (in their opinion) it was entitled to have. It’s remarkable to note that National Socialism, a political ideology developed by Adolf Hitler was based on Fascism. This was caused by the fact that Hitler admired Mussolini and incorporated many of his ideas in his own ideology that would later be known as National Socialism or Nazism. Italy’s dictator ‘rewarded’ Hitler for his admiration by considering himself to be his ‘mentor’, even by the time the latter had surpassed him in power by a landslide.




Similarities

There are many similarities between Fascism and National Socialism. As such, both pursue collectivism (ownership of the land and the means of production by the state) as a part of an economy led by the state, the establishment of a dictatorship led by a leader who literally has all power and glorify violence, imperialism, and militarism. Furthermore, they reject Democracy and traditional left and right wing parties, oppose freedom of speech and are strongly against Communism and Capitalism, Feminism and homosexuality alike.

Their promotion of Nationalism is being taken to an extreme and they aim for unity within their own respective states by holding mass demonstrations and military parades. Another similarity can be found in the fact that both are totalitarian ideologies, which means that they seek to control all aspects of public and private life alike. And finally, neither believes in class conflicts and conflicts of interest as a result of their idea of class collaboration instead of class struggle (this is where both ideologies find themselves directly opposing Socialism and Communism).





Differences

The most important difference between Fascism and National Socialism is the latter’s racist character and accent on ethnicity. Granted, Mussolini’s regime in a later stage did contain racist elements, but this was due mainly to its ties with Hitler and the Nazis. Other Fascist regimes that were established around the same time in Europe – the ones in Spain under Franco and Portugal under Salazar – could not be accused of fundamentally embracing racism either. As a result, Fascist-like regimes tended not to have any problems with Jews either and if they did, it was – just like Italy – due to their ties with Nazi-Germany. This enabled some Jews – like Mussolini’s mistress Margherita Sarfatti – to eventually become Fascists themselves. In the Netherlands, even the National Socialist Movement had some Jewish members at first since it did not start out as an anti-Semitic organization.

Another important difference is that Fascists favor corporatism (meaning that the sociopolitical organization of a society is to be led by large interest groups) whereas Nazis don’t. Taken everything in consideration, it may be stated that the main difference between Fascism and National Socialism can be described as follows: Fascists focused more on their own state, whereas race was more important to the Nazis.

Even when it comes to art, some major differences exist between the two ideologies. Nazis had no positive attitude towards Modernism, which they considered to be a sign of Bolshevism and cultural degeneration. Instead, they much rather promote art reflecting the Nazi doctrine