Question

Good night dear..... friends..

Can anyone tell me About
Some tips of..
Iupac nomenclature

for
11 th class ☺ ☺
give some best tricks for it .
☺ best of luck..
☺
Best answer will be mark as brainlist.

Answer 1

Hey Mate!!

Answer To Your Question

Rule 1: Identification of principle functional group.

First step in writing IUPAC name for a given structure is to identify the principle functional group in the structure. If the structure contains only one functional group, it can be directly considered as the principle functional group.

But in many cases, compounds will have more than one functional group. In such situations, the principle functional group is determined by the priority order.

The highest priority group is considered as principle functional group and remaining all functional groups as side chains.

To learn how to determine the priority, see of functional groups.

If we consider the above example, carboxylic acid should be given more preference than hydroxyl group according to IUPAC nomenclature for organic compounds. Hence name of the compound is 4-hydroxybutanoic acid.

Rule 2 : Selection of parent chain

Second task in organic chemistry naming is to select the parent chain. Parent chain can be selected as the longest chain including principle functional group.

The longest possible chain with principle functional group is treated as parent chain.

Note: We should not select a chain without principle functional group as parent chain even it is longest chain in the compound.

For example,

Here straight chain is the longest chain with five carbons, but it should not be selected as parent chain as it does not include principle functional group (-CHO). So we have to select a chain that should include principle functional group. Hence name of the compound is 2-ethylbutanal.

Rule 3 : Selection of parent chain from more than one possibility

As we have just seen above, a parent chain should be longest chain including principle functional group.

But in few cases of organic chemistry naming, we can observe more than one chain meeting the above criteria. Let’s see the following example.

It has two longest chains both including the principle functional group. In such situations, we can decide the parent chain by testing the following criteria one after another.

Criteria 1 : Chain containing maximum number of functional groups

Criteria 2 : Chain containing maximum number of side chains

Let's see an example for first criteria.

In the above example, two longest chains are possible. So, we have two apply first criteria i.e. chain containing maximum number of functional groups. The chain with numbering indicated by green color contains two functional groups viz. -COOH and -CHO whereas other chain indicated by red color numbering includes only one functional group (-COOH). Hence the name of the compound is 3-ethy-5-oxopentanoic acid.

Rule 4 : Give the root name

Root name of the compound can be given by counting the number of carbons in the parent chain. According to IUPAC nomenclature for organic compounds, root names can be given as following.

No. of carbons

root name

No. of carbons

root name

1 meth

2 eth

3 prop

4 but

5 pent

6 hex

7 hept

8 oct

9 non

10 dec

Example :

Here principle functional group is carboxylic acid, hence suffix is "-oic acid". So we have to replace "e" in ane with "oic acid". Here five carbons,therefore root name is “Pent-”. Now combining all,

Pent + an(e) + oic acid=Pentatonic acid

Rule 5 : Give the numbering

Now we have selected principle functional group, parent chain and root name. Next step in IUPAC nomenclature is to give numbering to the compound in order to identify the location of the side chains.

Numbering should be done from that direction which gives least number to the principle functional group.

Let's take simple example.

Here the principle functional group is hydroxyl group (-OH), hence suffix is "-ol". Now numbering can be done from either direction. Numbering from right to left gives 2 and left to right gives 4 as locant to hydroxyl group. As we have to provide least locant possible to principle functional group, the first direction is correct. Hence name of the compound is 2-pentanol.

Rule 6 : Numbering in case of more than one possibility

In case of two or more possibilities, the numbering should be done according to the following criteria one by one.

Criteria 1: Sum of the locants is least. (Least sum rule)
Criteria 2:Least number is given to the side chain comes first alphabetically
Criteria 1 - Least sum rule

Again in the above structure, numbering can be done from either direction.

Right to left: Locants chlorine and bromine are present at 2,3 and 4. Hence the sum of the locants is=2 + 3 + 4=9
left to right: Here locants are present at 3,4 and 5. Hence the sum of the locants is=3 + 4 + 5=12
Since the first direction yields lowest sum of locants, that direction is correct. Therefore name of the compound is 3-Bromo-2,4-dichlorohexane

Regards Vishal________(BhamBhamBhole)
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Answer 2

Answer:

sorry but I am not in 11th class