Question

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What is ionisation potential? What is the trend of IP in groups according to Modern Periodic Table.

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Answer 1

It is the amount of energy needed to remove outermost electrons of an isolated gaseous atom.

Energy required to remove the First electron is called as first I.P. and energy required to remove second electron is known as 2nd I.P.

According to Modern Periodic Table, I.P. Trend in group:- I.P. decreases down the group since atomic size increases down the group. So nuclear attraction on outer most electron decreases so electron loosely hold that's why less I.P. is needed. Therefore, less the ionisation energy needed more is the electropositive character and more metallic in nature.

Answer 2

Ionization energies increase moving from left to right across a period (decreasing atomic radius).

Ionization energy decreases moving down a group (increasing atomic radius).

Group I elements have low ionization energies because the loss of an electron forms a stable octet.