government of Nepal has made legal provisions to study the environment aspects before launching any development projects. What might be the positive aspects of this act? Writein points .
Answers
Answer:
Yes it will have positive impact on environment. It's known as sustainable development Sustainable development is the idea that human societies must live and meet their needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The “official” definition of sustainable development was developed for the first time in the bruntdland report in 1987.Specifically, sustainable development is a way of organizing society so that it can exist in the long term. This means taking into account both the imperatives present and those of the future, such as the preservation of the environment and natural resources or social and economic equity.
How Did The Idea Of Sustainable Development Get Relevant?
The industrial revolution is connected to the rise of the idea of sustainable development. From the second half of the 19th century, Western societies started to discover that their economic and industrial activities had a significant impact on the environment and the social balance. Several ecological and social crises took place in the world and rose awareness that a more sustainable model was needed.
Here are some examples of the economic and social crises that shook the world in the twentieth century:
1907: the American banking crisis
1923: the crisis of American hyperinflation
1929: the financial crisis of the 1930s begins
1968: the worldwide protests against bureaucratic elites
1973 and 1979: oil shocks
1982: the debt shock of developing countries
And some examples of ecological crises:
1954: Rongelap nuclear fallout
1956: Mercury crisis of Minamata
1957: Torrey Canyon oil spill
1976: Seveso disaster
1984: Bhopal disaster
1986: Chernobyl nuclear disaster
1989: Exxon Valdez oil spill
1999: Erika disaste
An efficient system of decision making for sustainable socioeconomic development, with an effective environmental management of the sources of environmental impact and effects of such impacts, need to be put in place in order to implement the government policy of environmental protection and safety at the regional level. To obtain such kind of results; Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) tool has been followed by the developing countries enacting environmental policies or judicial system to introduce regulatory framework in EIA system and procedures. Sustainable development is the result of carefully integrating environmental, economic and social needs in the policy level to achieve both an increased standard of living in the short term, and a net gain or equilibrium among human, natural and economic resources to support future generations. This study is based on the review of the EIA system and process, policy, guidelines and legal instruments and consultation with concerned stakeholders by emphasizing the EIA reports of 100 different projects from 12 different developmental sectors in Nepal. Nepal has taken an initiative to integrate environmental aspects in the national policy and development plan conducting EIA of major development projects since 1980 -1996. Enforcement of the Environmental Protection Act (EPA), 1996, and the Environmental Protection Regulation (EPR), 1997, formally implemented EIA system with participatory monitoring. In Nepal, EIA has been conducted for 100 development projects up to 2010. Among these, the highest (25%) is in the hydropower sector and the lowest (3%) is in each of the hotel and tourism development, irrigation and apartment buildings, respectively. It has been found that the implementation of mitigation measures, monitoring and auditing of EIAs, limits only (20%) on the large scale donor supported projects. The EIA system only limits screening, scoping and ToR, prediction and assessment and monitoring of impacts. However, there is no policy for EIS as well as post evaluation mechanism which could show some implications and constraints in the EIA system for an effective EIA system as in the international level.
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