Question

growth of industry absorbs the sun plus labour force of agriculture. explain? for class 12 in 2 marks​

Answer 1

Apart from the large quantum of jobs that need to be created,another important aspect is the quality of jobs. A large proportion of India’s workforce is employed in jobs with low productivity, resulting in dismal incomes.India has around 65% of its population in the working age group of 15-65 years.

According to a World Bank report, the country needs to create around 8 million jobs every year to maintain its employment rate. Apart from the large quantum of jobs that need to be created, another important aspect is the quality of jobs—and this needs to be focused upon. In fact, a large proportion of India’s workforce is employed in jobs with low productivity, resulting in dismal incomes.

Today, the agricultural sector contributes about 16% to the country’s GDP, but it employs 43% of India’s labour force. In fact, in the rural areas, the share of agriculture to workforce is at a high of 64%, while agriculture contributes only 39% to rural NDP. The wages of agricultural labourers and cultivators is much lower than that of non-agricultural workers even in the rural areas.

According to a NITI Aayog report, the rural non-farm sector offers 2.8 times more productive employment that the farm sector. In the rural areas, there is a shift happening with the labour moving from the agricultural to the non-agricultural sector. However, a large chunk of this labour movement is from agriculture to the construction sector, which, again, has a low labour productivity.