guys can anyone send me light chapter notes full chapter class 10 plzzzzzzzzz
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Answer:
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Alll covers in my notes...u can also seee
Explanation: Light is a form of energy that produces in us the sensation of sight.
• Reflection of light is the phenomenon of bouncing back of light in the same medium on striking the surface of any object.
• The two laws of reflection are:
(i) the incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal (at the point of incidence), all lie in the same plane.
(ii) the angle of reflection (r) is always equal to the angle of incidence (i)
∠r = ∠i
• In a plane mirror, the image of a real object is always
(i) virtual,
(ii) erect
(iii) of same size as the object,
(iv) as far behind the mirror as the object is in front of the mirror.
(v) laterally inverted.
• Absolute refractive index(n) of a medium is the ratio of speed of light in vacuum or air(c) to the speed of light in the medium(v) i.e.
• Refraction of light is the phenomenon of change in the path of light in going from one medium to another.
• In going from a rarer to a denser medium, the ray of light bends towards normal and in going from a denser to a rarer medium, the ray of light bends away from normal.
• Snell’s law of refraction,
• No refraction occurs, when
(i) light is incident normally on a boundary,
(ii) refractive indices of the two media in contact are equal.
• New Cartesian Sign Convention for spherical lenses:
(i) All distances are measured from optical centre C of the lens.
(ii) The distances measured in the direction of incidence of light are taken as positive and vice–versa.
(iii) All heights above the principal axis of the lens are taken as positive and vice versa.
• The linear magnification produced by a lens is
• Power of the combination of lenses
P = p1 + p2 + p3 ...
• Linear magnification produced by a spherical mirror is
• For a convex mirror, m is +ve and less than one, as the image formed is virtual, erect and shorter than the object.
• For a concave mirror, m is +ve when image formed is virtual and m is –ve, when image formed is real.
• According to New Cartesian Sign Convention, for spherical mirror.
(i) All distances are measured from the pole of the spherical mirror.
(ii) The distances measured in the direction of incidence of light are taken as positive and vice–versa.
(iii) The heights above the principal axis of the mirror are taken as positive and vice–versa.
• In spherical mirror, focal length
Explanation:
Reflection of Light: The phenomenon of bouncing back of light into the same medium by the smooth surface is called reflection.
Incident light: Light which falls on the surface is called incident light.
Reflected light: Light which goes back after reflection is called reflected light.
The angle of incidence: The angle between the incident ray and the normal.
An angle of reflection: The angle between the reflected ray and the normal.
All the distances are measured from the pole of the mirror as the origin.
Linear Magnification: This is the ratio of the height of the image to the height of the object.
…where m = magnification, h = height of image, h’ = height of object
Use of Convex Mirror: Convex mirror used as rear view mirror in vehicles, as shop security mirrors, etc.
REFRACTION
Refraction of Light: The bending of light at the interface of two different mediums is called Refraction
Refractive Index: It represents the a)
Incident ray: It is incoming ray on the refracting surface.
Refracted ray: It is an outgoing ray from the refracting surface.
An angle of incidence (i): It is the angle between incident rays and perpendicular line (normal) at the point of incidence.
An angle of refraction (r): It is the angle between refracted rays and perpendicular line (normal) at the point of incidence.
Law of Refraction: According to this law
“The incident ray, refracted ray and normal at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane.”“The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is constant.”
= constant (µ)
Lens: The transparent refracting medium bounded by two surfaces in which at least one surface is curved is called lens.
Lenses are mainly two type
Convex lens andConcave lens.
Center of Curvature: The centres of two spheres, of which lens is part is called the centre of curvature.
Radii of Curvature: The radii of spheres, of which lens is part is called radius of curvature.
Principal Axis: The line joining the centres of curvature of two surfaces of lens is called principal axis.
Optical Center: It is a special point on the principal axis. Light incident on the optical centre passes through the lens without deviation.
Principal Focus: The point on the principal axis at which all incident rays parallel to the principal axis converge or appear to diverge after refraction through the lens.
Use of Lens: In photographic cameras, magnifying glass, microscope, telescope, the human eye.
1. Light travels in a straight line.
2. Light gets reflected when it falls on polished surfaces; like mirrors.
3. Light suffers refraction when it travels from one medium to another.
4. There is a change in the wavelengths!light when it moves from one medium into another.
5. The bouncing back of light when it strikes a smooth or polished surface is called reflection of light. Reflection is of two types; Specular or regular and Diffuse or irregular reflection.
6. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. Mathematically, we have ∠i = ∠r.
7. The image is as far behind the mirror as the object is in front.
8. The image is unmagnified, virtual and erect.
9. The image has right-left reversal.
10. Focal length of a plane mirror is infinity.
11. Power of a plane mirror is zero.
12. If a plane mirror is turned by an angle, the reflected ray turns by 2θ.
13. The least size of a plane mirror to view an object is equal to half the size of the object.
14. Pole (Vertex): The central point of a mirror is called its pole.
15. Centre of curvature : The centre of the sphere of which the mirror is a part is called the centre of curvature. It is denoted by C.
16. Radius of curvature : The radius of the sphere of which the mirror is a part is called the radius of curvature. It is denoted by R.
17. Principal axis : The straight line passing through the pole and the centre of curvature of the mirror is called the principal axis.
18. Principal focus : It is a point on the principal axis at which the rays parallel to the principal axis meet after reflection or seem to come from. For a concave mirror, the focus lies in front of the mirror and for a convex mirror, it lies behind the mirror. In short, a concave mirror has a real focus while aconvex mirror has a virtual focus.
19. Focal plane : A plane, drawn perpendicular to the principal axis and passing through the principal focus.
20. Focal length : The distance between the pole and the focus is called the focal length. It is represented by f. The focal length is half the radius of
I know it is difficult to understand cuz 5000 erds is the limit