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❕❗A major organelle in most eukaryotic cells is the structure of membrane-bound sacs called the Golgi apparatus (or Golgi body, Golgi complex, dictyosome). It acts to process and package the macromolecules such as proteins and lipids that are synthesized by the cell. It has been likened to the cell's post office. A major function is the modifying, sorting and packaging of proteins for secretion. It is also involved in the transport of lipids around the cell, and the creation of lysosomes.
The sacs or folds of the Golgi apparatus are called cisternae. Typically there are five to eight cisternae but as many as sixty have been observed. The cisternae stack has five functional regions: the cis-Golgi network, cis-Golgi, medial-Golgi, trans-Golgi, and trans-Golgi network. Vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum fuse with the cis-Golgi network and subsequently progress through the stack to the trans-Golgi network, where they are packaged and sent to the required destination. Each region contains different enzymes which selectively modify the contents depending on where they are destined to reside.❕❗
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Answer:
Golgi apparatus
PHYSIOLOGY
WRITTEN BY: Kara Rogers
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Alternative Titles: Golgi body, Golgi complex
Golgi apparatus
QUICK FACTS
The Golgi apparatus, or complex, plays an important role in the modification and transport of proteins within the cell.
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KEY PEOPLE
Camillo Golgi
RELATED TOPICS
Organelle
Cisterna
Cis Golgi cisternae
Trans Golgi cisternae
DID YOU KNOW?
The Golgi apparatus went by several names before being known as "Golgi apparatus," including "Golgi-Homgren ducts" and "Golgi-Kopsch apparatus."
The Golgi apparatus's function is commonly likened to that of a post office because proteins are modified, sorted, and packaged by the Golgi apparatus.
Golgi apparatus, also called Golgi complex or Golgi body, membrane-bound organelle of eukaryotic cells (cells with clearly defined nuclei) that is made up of a series of flattened, stacked pouches called cisternae. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for transporting, modifying, and packaging proteins and lipids into vesicles for delivery to targeted destinations. It is located in the cytoplasm next to the endoplasmic reticulum and near the cell nucleus. While many types of cells contain only one or several Golgi apparatus, plant cells can contain hundreds.