Question

Guys Please Answer this Question​

Answer 1

Answer:

                            BHAN et al. : CLOUDBURST OVER DRY REGION OF LEH (LADAKH) INDIA                          109 year  period  resulting  in  a  reported  loss  of  651  lives.  Relationships  between  landslides  and  rainfall  threshold  have  been  established  using  empirical  intensity-duration  thresholds (Caine, 1980; Cannon and Ellen, 1985) as well as process-based approaches (Keefer et al., 1987; Crozier, 1999;  Minder  et  al.,  2009).  Empirical  methods  have  the  benefits  that  these  are  simple  to  establish  and  to  use  for  predictions.   Process-based   models   can   determine   the   amount  of  precipitation  needed  to  trigger  slope  failures,  and  the  location  and  time  of  the  expected  landslides.  However,  their  use  is  limited  by  the  fact  these  models  require  detailed  spatial  information  on  the  hydrological,  lithological,  morphological  and  soil  characteristics  that  control the initiation of landslides. Studies of landslides in the  Himalayas  also  suggest  that  daily  as  well  as  seasonal  accumulation  thresholds  of  rainfall  must  be  exceeded  before   landslides   are   triggered   (Gabet   et   al.,   2004;   Sengupta et al., 2010).  Survey  of  literature  mentioned  above  and  others  suggest  that  rainfall  is  the  most  dominating  cause  for  inducing  landslides  except  for  a  few  induced  by  tectonic  activities    and    lake/stream    bursts.    Studies    over    the    Himalayan  region  also  suggest  dominant  role  played  by  rainfall   in   triggering   landslides.   Precipitating   systems   containing  intense  convective  rainfall  occur  frequently  in  the  western  Himalayas  during  the  monsoon  season.  The  seasonal   precipitation   across   the   Himalayas   decreases   from east to west as distance from the source of moisture (Bay of Bengal) increases. Anders et al. (2006), using the TRMM  estimates  of  daily  rainfall  of  four  years  (1998-2001), clearly illustrated the decrease in precipitation from east to west along the ranges and also across windward to leeward   directions.   According   to   Sikka   (2011)   the   seasonal  monsoon  precipitation  of  Bangladesh,  Bhutan,  Nepal   and   India   is   1750,   1570,   1370   and   880   mm,   respectively.  Heavy  precipitation,  however,  is  limited  to  the  windward  side  of  southern  Himalayas  (Singh  and  Kumar,  1997)  up  to  middle  ranges  of  Himalayas  [up  to  2500   metres   above   sea   level   (asl)].   Studies  

Step-by-step explanation: