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Class 10 Science
Revision Notes
CHAPTER- 01
CHEMICAL REACTION AND EQUATIONS
Chemical Reaction : Whenever a chemical change occurs we can say that a chemical reaction (permanent change) has taken place which can be expressed symbolically by a chemical equation.
e.g. Food gets digested in our body
Rusting of iron.
magnesium is burnt in air to form magnesium oxide. This chemical reaction can be represented as
We can observe or recognise a chemical reaction by observing change in state, colour, by evolution of gas or by change in temperature.Physical state of the reactants and the products are mentioned to make chemical reaction more informative. e.g. we use (g) for gas, (l) for liquid, (s) for solid and (aq) for aqueous.
Baalanced Equation : A balacned equation is one in which the number of atoms on the reactant and product sides are equal.
Balancing Equation : We balance a chemical equation so that no. of atoms of each element involved in the reaction remains the same at the reactant and product side.
Types of Reaction
I. Combination Reaction :– The reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a new single substance.
e.g.
slaked lime is used for white washing walls. It reacts with to form Calcium Carbonate and gives a shiny finish to the walls
Calcium Hydroxide Calcium Carbonate
(ii) Burning of Coal
heat+ light
(iii) Formation of water
Exothermic Reactions : Reaction in which heat is released along with the formation of products.
eg..
Endothermic Reaction :The reactions which require energy in form of heat, light or electricity are called endothermic reaction
eg..
II. Decomposition Reactions :The reaction in which a single substance decomposes to give two or more substances. De composition reactions can be of three types:
DECOMPOSITION REACTIONS :-
Thermal Decompostition :-When a decomposition reaction is carried out by heating
Electrolytic Decomposition :- When a decomposition reaction is carried out by electric current,.
Silver bromide behaves similarly
III. Displacement Reaction:The chemical reaction in which an element displaces another element from its solution
Copper (aq)
Sulphate Iron Sulphate
Fe being more reactive than Cu displaces it from
Zinc and lead are more reactive elements than copper. They displace copper from its compounds.
IV. Double Displacement Reaction :The reaction in which two different atoms or group of atoms are mutually exchanged
A white substance is formed due to above reaction. The insoluble substance i.e., is called precipitate.
Precipitation Reaction – Any reaction that produces a precipitate is called a precipitation reaction.
the downward facing arrown represents the formation of precipitate.
V. Oxidation :Oxidation is the gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen
When copper is heated a black colour appears. If this CuO is reactedwith hydrogen gas then again Cu becomes brown as reverse reaction takes place
VI. Reduction : Reduction is the loss of oxygen or gain of hydrogen.
Redox Reaction : The reaction in which one reactant gets oxidised while other gets reduced
eg..
Corrosion :When a metal is attacked by substances around it such as moisture, acids etc.
(i) Rusting of iron. i.e Reddish brown coating on iron of is formed.
(ii) Black coating on Silver.
Rusting of iron can be prevented by painting, oiling the surface or by galvanisation.
Rancidity :When fats and oils are oxidised they become rancidand their smell and taste change.Antioxidants are added to foods containing fats and oil.
e.g. is added to packet of chips to prevent oxidation of fats and oils.
I HOPE THIS ANSWER HELPS YOU MORE...!!! ✌️✌️
Class 10 Science
Revision Notes
CHAPTER- 01
CHEMICAL REACTION AND EQUATIONS
Chemical Reaction : Whenever a chemical change occurs we can say that a chemical reaction (permanent change) has taken place which can be expressed symbolically by a chemical equation.
e.g. Food gets digested in our body
Rusting of iron.
magnesium is burnt in air to form magnesium oxide. This chemical reaction can be represented as
We can observe or recognise a chemical reaction by observing change in state, colour, by evolution of gas or by change in temperature.Physical state of the reactants and the products are mentioned to make chemical reaction more informative. e.g. we use (g) for gas, (l) for liquid, (s) for solid and (aq) for aqueous.
Baalanced Equation : A balacned equation is one in which the number of atoms on the reactant and product sides are equal.
Balancing Equation : We balance a chemical equation so that no. of atoms of each element involved in the reaction remains the same at the reactant and product side.
Types of Reaction
I. Combination Reaction :– The reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a new single substance.
e.g.
slaked lime is used for white washing walls. It reacts with to form Calcium Carbonate and gives a shiny finish to the walls
Calcium Hydroxide Calcium Carbonate
(ii) Burning of Coal
heat+ light
(iii) Formation of water
Exothermic Reactions : Reaction in which heat is released along with the formation of products.
eg..
Endothermic Reaction :The reactions which require energy in form of heat, light or electricity are called endothermic reaction
eg..
II. Decomposition Reactions :The reaction in which a single substance decomposes to give two or more substances. De composition reactions can be of three types:
DECOMPOSITION REACTIONS :-
Thermal Decompostition :-When a decomposition reaction is carried out by heating
Electrolytic Decomposition :- When a decomposition reaction is carried out by electric current,.
Silver bromide behaves similarly
III. Displacement Reaction:The chemical reaction in which an element displaces another element from its solution
Copper (aq)
Sulphate Iron Sulphate
Fe being more reactive than Cu displaces it from
Zinc and lead are more reactive elements than copper. They displace copper from its compounds.
IV. Double Displacement Reaction :The reaction in which two different atoms or group of atoms are mutually exchanged
A white substance is formed due to above reaction. The insoluble substance i.e., is called precipitate.
Precipitation Reaction – Any reaction that produces a precipitate is called a precipitation reaction.
the downward facing arrown represents the formation of precipitate.
V. Oxidation :Oxidation is the gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen
When copper is heated a black colour appears. If this CuO is reactedwith hydrogen gas then again Cu becomes brown as reverse reaction takes place
VI. Reduction : Reduction is the loss of oxygen or gain of hydrogen.
Redox Reaction : The reaction in which one reactant gets oxidised while other gets reduced
eg..
Corrosion :When a metal is attacked by substances around it such as moisture, acids etc.
(i) Rusting of iron. i.e Reddish brown coating on iron of is formed.
(ii) Black coating on Silver.
Rusting of iron can be prevented by painting, oiling the surface or by galvanisation.
Rancidity :When fats and oils are oxidised they become rancidand their smell and taste change.Antioxidants are added to foods containing fats and oil.
e.g. is added to packet of chips to prevent oxidation of fats and oils.
I HOPE THIS ANSWER HELPS YOU MORE...!!! ✌️✌️
this is the whole chapter
this is notes of chapter 1
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