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WHY IS TROPOLONE ALICYCLIC COMPOUND?
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ColchicineDopamine
Learn more about Tropolone
Molecular Breeding of Woody Plants
Jian Zhao, Kokki Sakai, in Progress in Biotechnology, 2001
INTRODUCTION
β-Thujaplicin (Hinokitiol) is a tropolone compound with a seven-membered carbon ring and an isopropyl side chain. It has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and therefore is widely used in cosmetics, clinic products and other areas . Because β-thujaplicin is mainly contained in the heartwood of some Cupressaceae trees in a low content, its production by plant cell culture was introduced as an alternative source. At the same time, the plant cell cultures provide a good experimental system for studying metabolism of this novel tropolone since there are some difficulties when studying this heartwood component in intact plant. The de novo β-thujaplicin production in C. lusitanica cell cultures can be stimulated by fungal elicitor or methyl jasmonate . Like most of other plant secondary metabolites, β-thujaplicin accumulation in the cell cultures increases to the maximum on day 3–6 after elicitor treatment, and then decreases to a low level . This typical accumulation pattern should result from β-thujaplicin biosynthesis and biodegradation, which simultaneously occur in the cell cultures. Therefore besides the attempts to improve β-thujaplicin production, it would be also very important to study how β-thujaplicin is degraded or transformed into other compounds in the cell cultures. From the chemistry point of view, β-thujaplicin could be unstable under light because it can accept light energy and C1-C2 bond is broken to produce some compounds. But in dark culture conditions, this slow light-catalyzed degradation should not function as a main mode. On the contrary, the biological factors most probably play a major role in β-thujaplicin degradation.
Peroxidases are some oxidoredctases that catalyze the oxidation of a diverse group of organic compounds using hydrogen peroxide as the ultimate electron acceptor . Peroxidases have been suggested to be involved in various metabolisms, such as auxin and indole alkaloid matabolism, flavone metabolism, biosynthesis of cell wall and lignin . Peroxidases are also involved in plant defense responses and other physiological processes. Peroxidase-dependent H2O2 production has been found in a larger body of plant species . Apoplastic peroxidase-dependent oxidative burst is recently observed in some plant species when exposed to pathogens or fungal elicitors . These novel functions of peroxidases have attracted more attentions. Since peroxdases are universal enzymes with multiple functions, and also a previous study revealed that β-thujaplicin and its iron chelate showed strong antioxidant activities , we tried peroxidase to oxidize β-thujaplicin. We found that horseradish peroxidase can oxide β-thujaplicin by about 80 %. This phenomenon stimulated our interests on peroxidase-catalyzed β-thujaplicin biodegradation in the cell cultures and related aspects, since these studies could be of great importance for the regulation of secondary metabolism. However, so far there is no report on these aspects.
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ColchicineDopamine
Learn more about Tropolone
Molecular Breeding of Woody Plants
Jian Zhao, Kokki Sakai, in Progress in Biotechnology, 2001
INTRODUCTION
β-Thujaplicin (Hinokitiol) is a tropolone compound with a seven-membered carbon ring and an isopropyl side chain. It has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and therefore is widely used in cosmetics, clinic products and other areas . Because β-thujaplicin is mainly contained in the heartwood of some Cupressaceae trees in a low content, its production by plant cell culture was introduced as an alternative source. At the same time, the plant cell cultures provide a good experimental system for studying metabolism of this novel tropolone since there are some difficulties when studying this heartwood component in intact plant. The de novo β-thujaplicin production in C. lusitanica cell cultures can be stimulated by fungal elicitor or methyl jasmonate . Like most of other plant secondary metabolites, β-thujaplicin accumulation in the cell cultures increases to the maximum on day 3–6 after elicitor treatment, and then decreases to a low level . This typical accumulation pattern should result from β-thujaplicin biosynthesis and biodegradation, which simultaneously occur in the cell cultures. Therefore besides the attempts to improve β-thujaplicin production, it would be also very important to study how β-thujaplicin is degraded or transformed into other compounds in the cell cultures. From the chemistry point of view, β-thujaplicin could be unstable under light because it can accept light energy and C1-C2 bond is broken to produce some compounds. But in dark culture conditions, this slow light-catalyzed degradation should not function as a main mode. On the contrary, the biological factors most probably play a major role in β-thujaplicin degradation.
Peroxidases are some oxidoredctases that catalyze the oxidation of a diverse group of organic compounds using hydrogen peroxide as the ultimate electron acceptor . Peroxidases have been suggested to be involved in various metabolisms, such as auxin and indole alkaloid matabolism, flavone metabolism, biosynthesis of cell wall and lignin . Peroxidases are also involved in plant defense responses and other physiological processes. Peroxidase-dependent H2O2 production has been found in a larger body of plant species . Apoplastic peroxidase-dependent oxidative burst is recently observed in some plant species when exposed to pathogens or fungal elicitors . These novel functions of peroxidases have attracted more attentions. Since peroxdases are universal enzymes with multiple functions, and also a previous study revealed that β-thujaplicin and its iron chelate showed strong antioxidant activities , we tried peroxidase to oxidize β-thujaplicin. We found that horseradish peroxidase can oxide β-thujaplicin by about 80 %. This phenomenon stimulated our interests on peroxidase-catalyzed β-thujaplicin biodegradation in the cell cultures and related aspects, since these studies could be of great importance for the regulation of secondary metabolism. However, so far there is no report on these aspects.
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