Half filled and fully filled orbital have extra stability. Why
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becoz the electrons present in the different orbitals of the same sub-shell can exchange their positions. Each such exchange leads to the decrease in energy
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The stability of fully-filled orbitals are highly stable due to the following reasons :
(i) Symmetrical distribution of electrons : It is well-known fact that symmetry leads to stability. The completely filled orbitals are symmetrical, therefore stable.
(ii) Exchange energy : The stabilizing effect arises whenever two or more electrons with the same spin are present in the degenerate orbitals of a subshell. These electrons with same spin can exchange their positions and the energy involved is called exchange energy.
(i) Symmetrical distribution of electrons : It is well-known fact that symmetry leads to stability. The completely filled orbitals are symmetrical, therefore stable.
(ii) Exchange energy : The stabilizing effect arises whenever two or more electrons with the same spin are present in the degenerate orbitals of a subshell. These electrons with same spin can exchange their positions and the energy involved is called exchange energy.
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