hamesberg atomic model
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Louis de Broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves with a wavelength \lambdaλlambda, given by the following equation:
\lambda=\dfrac{h}{mv}λ=
mv
h
lambda, equals, start fraction, h, divided by, m, v, end fraction
Erwin Schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom, which treats electrons as matter waves.
Schrödinger's equation, \hat{H}\psi=E\psi
H
^
ψ=EψH, with, hat, on top, \psi, equals, E, \psi, can be solved to yield a series of wave function \psiψ\psi, each of which is associated with an electron binding energy, EEE.
The square of the wave function, \psi^2ψ
2
\psi, squared, represents the probability of finding an electron in a given region within the atom.
An atomic orbital is defined as the region within an atom that encloses where the electron is likely to be 90% of the time.
The Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that we can't know both the energy and position of an electron. Therefore, as we learn more about the electron's position, we know less about its energy, and vice versa.
Electrons have an intrinsic property called spin, and an electron can have one of two possible spin values: spin-up or spin-down.
Any two electrons occupying the same orbital must have opposite spins.
Introduction to the quantum mechanical model
"We must be clear that when it comes to atoms, language can only be used as in poetry." —Niels Bohr
Matter begins to behave very strangely at the subatomic level. Some of this behavior is so counterintuitive that we can only talk about it with symbols and metaphors—like in poetry. For example, what does it mean to say an electron behaves like a particle and a wave? Or that an electron does not exist in any one particular location, but that it is spread out throughout the entire atom?
If these questions strike you as odd, they should! As it turns out, we are in good company. The physicist Niels Bohr also said, "Anyone who is not shocked by quantum theory has not understood it." So if you feel confused when learning about quantum mechanics, know that the scientists who originally developed it were just as befuddled.
We will start by briefly reviewing Bohr's model of hydrogen, the first non-classical model of the atom.
Review of Bohr's model of hydrogen
As we have seen in a previous article on the Bohr model, the emission spectra of different elements contain discrete lines. The following image shows the visible region of the emission spectra for hydrogen.