Haygen,s wave theory ,the locus of all points in the same state of vibration is called
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Light is a form of energy .This fact was predicted by Maxwell on theoretical grounds and was verified by Lebedew experimentally in 1901
Since light is a form of energy, its transmission from one place to another can be understood in terms of transmission of energy
There are only two modes of propagation of energy through any material medium
energy is carried by stream of material particles travelling with finite velocity
Transfer of energy by wave motion without actual travelling with matter
First mode of energy transfer leads to Newton�s corpuscular theory of light in which he tried to understand travel of light in the straight line assuming that luminous body emits very minute and weightless particles called corpuscles travelling through empty space in straight lines in all directions with the speed of light and carry KE with them
This corpuscular theory of light can fairly explain the phenomenon of reflection .refraction and rectilinear propagation of light but failed to explain the phenomenon of interference, diffraction and polarization etc
Second mode of energy transfer leads the wave theory of light which was put forward by Dutch physicist Christian Huygens in 1678
Huygens suggested that light may be a wave phenomenon produced by mechanical vibrations of an all pervading hypothetical homogenous medium called eather just like those in solids and liguid .This medium was supposed to be mass less with extremely high elasticity and very low density
At first wave theory of light was not accepted primarily because of Newton�s authority and also light could travel through vacuum and waves require a medium to propagate from one point to other
Wave theory of light first begin to gain acceptance when double slit experiment of Thomas Young in 1801 established that light is indeed a wave phenomenon
After Young's double slit interference experiment ,many experiments were carried out by scientists involving interference and diffraction of light waves which could only be satisfactory explained by assuming wave model of light
Later on in nineteenth century Maxwell put forwards his electromagnetic theory and predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves and calculated the speed of EM waves in free space and found that this value was very close to the measured value of speed of light
He then suggested light must be an EM wave associated with changing electric and magnetic field which result in the propagation of light or EM waves in vacuum .So no material medium ( like ether suggested by Huygens) is required for the propagation of light wave from one place to another .This argument established that light is a wave phenomenon
In this chapter we will study the various phenomenon related to wave nature of light
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