HE
HALFYEARLY EXAMINATION 2020 2021
CLASS IX
SUBJECT: SOCIAL STUDIES
TIME:- 3:00 HOURS
MARKS:- 80
HISTORY-20
SET-R
(1x6-6)
A. Objective type question :
When did Napoleon Bonaparte became emperor of France?
b. Who was the leader of Jacobin Club?
Who all got the right to vote for National assembly?
Who formed the first and second estates of French society?
Which ruler came to power in France in 17747
1. Which French Philosopher said." Man is bom free yet he is in Chains
(3x3 9)
B. Short answer type questions :
a. Explain the composition of the French society during the 18th century?
b. Differentiate between active and passive citizens.
c. What is the importance of the waterloo in the history of the world?
C. Long answer type questions:
What were the main causes of the French Revolution?
(5xl-5)
Answers
Answer: A.
1. Napoleon Bonaparte became emperor of France in 1804.
2. Maximilien Robespierre was the leader of Jacobin Club.
3. Men got the right to vote for National assembly.
4. France under the Ancien Régime (before the French Revolution) divided society into three estates: the First Estate (clergy); the Second Estate (nobility); and the Third Estate.
5. Louis XVI came to power in France in 1774.
6. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
B.
a. French society in the eighteenth century was divided into three estates, The members of the first two estates, that is, the clergy (Group of persons invested with special functions in the church)and the nobility, enjoyed certain privileges by birth. only members of the third estate paid taxes.
b. Active Citizens: Only men above 25 years of age who paid taxes equal to at least 3 days of a labourer’s wage were given the status of active citizens. Only they had the right to vote.
Passive Citizens: Whereas, the remaining men as well as all the women of France who were not entitled to vote were called Passive Citizens
c. The Battle of Waterloo brought an end to the Napoleonic Wars once and for all, finally thwarting Napoleon's efforts to dominate Europe and bringing about the end of a 15-year period marked by near constant warring.
C.
1. Causes of the French Revolution:
Despotic rule of Louis XVI: He became the ruler of France in 1774. He had drained the financial resources of France in wars. For the cost of his regular extravagant expenses, he increased taxes which were paid by the third estate.
Division of French society: The French society was divided into three estates; first, second and third estates, respectively. Among them, First and Second Estates had 10 per cent of the total population and were the clergy and nobles. They enjoyed all privileges. Rest of the 90 per cent was of the third estate, which paid all kinds of direct or indirect taxes. This kind of discrimination led to the revolution by the third estate.
Rising price: The population of France had increased. This resulted into more desmand of food grains. So the price of bread rose rapidly, which the poor could not afford to buy. So the gap between the rich and poor widened.
Inspiration of the philosophers: Philosophers like John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau and Montesquieu propagated the ideas of having a society where people would enjoy freedom, equal laws and equal opportunities. Their ideas inspired the people of France to realise their dreams.
Role of middle class: The 18th century witnessed the emergence of social groups termed as middle class, who earned their wealth through an expanding trade of the manufactured goods, being exported. There were other professionals also like lawyers, administrative officials who were all educated. They believed that no group in society should be privileged by birth.