he was the first explorer to reach the south pole also one of the first person to cross the artic ocean by air.................
Answers
Roald Amundsen..............
Answer:
Antarctic history is peopled by true heroes: Amundsen, Shackleton, and the tragic Robert Falcon Scott, who experienced one of the greatest disappointments in the annals of exploration when he reached the South Pole in 1912 to find the Norwegian flag flying there. The race to the High Arctic, by contrast, is tainted with friction, argument, and accusations of barefaced lying. That many cannot name the explorer who first stood on the world’s northern extremity is because the dispute over who it was has never been settled” (source).
Unlike the South Pole, the North Pole is located in the middle of an ocean (the Arctic Ocean, also known as Polynia or the Open Polar Sea) whose waters are almost permanently covered with constantly shifting sea ice. Early attempts to reach the North Pole in the 19th century all failed. British naval officer William Edward Parry was forced to turn back in 1827, as was the American Charles Hall in 1871. In 1895, Norwegian explorers Fridtjof Nansen and Fredrik Hjalmar Johansen got to 86 degrees 14’ north before being forced back, and an expedition led by the Italian Luigi Amedeo made it to 86 degrees and 34’ in 1899 before admitting defeat.
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An Azimuthal projection showing the Arctic Ocean and the North Pole (Wikipedia: North Pole)
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Peary was given a Rear Admiral’s pension and the Thanks of Congress by a special act of March 30, 1911, and he received honors from numerous scientific societies of Europe and America for his Arctic explorations and discoveries. He died in Washington, D.C., February 20, 1920, and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery (Wikipedia: Robert Peary)
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Matthew Alexander Henson (August 8, 1866 – March 9, 1955) was an African American explorer and associate of Robert Peary during various expeditions, the most famous being a 1909 expedition which claimed to be the first to reach the Geographic North Pole (Wikipedia: Matthew Henson)
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Henson in 1953, holding a portrait of Robert E. Peary. Although Admiral Peary received many honors, Henson was largely ignored and spent most of the next thirty years working as a clerk in a federal customs house in New York. But in 1944 Congress awarded him a duplicate of the silver medal given to Peary. Presidents Truman and Eisenhower both honored him before he died in 1955 (Wikipedia: Ibid.)
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Setting aside Peary’s claim, the first confirmed surface conquest of the North Pole was that of Ralph Plaisted, Walt Pederson, Gerry Pitzl and Jean Luc Bombardier, who traveled over the ice by snowmobile and arrived on April 19, 1968. The United States Air Force independently confirmed their position. On April 6, 1969, Wally Herbert (pictured above) and companions Allan Gill, Roy Koerner, and Kenneth Hedges of the British Trans-Arctic Expedition became the first men to reach the North Pole on foot (albeit with the aid of dog teams and air drops). They continued on to complete the first surface crossing of the Arctic Ocean – and by its longest axis, Barrow, Alaska to Svalbard – a feat that has never been repeated. Some sources classify Herbert’s expedition as the first confirmed to reach the North Pole over the ice surface by any means
please read it carefully and get your answer.