Heisenberg's indeterminacy is a direct consequence of
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Heisenberg principle can be stated as “A particular pair of physical entities can determined precisely and simultaneously only with a minimum tolerance of the order of ħ”
∆p ∆x ≥ ħ
∆E ∆t ≥ ħ
∆J ∆θ≥ ħ
where, p – momentum, x- position, E- energy, t- time, J- angular momentum, and θ - angular position.
According to Heisenberg uncertainty principles light behaves both as a particle and as a wave.A particle can never fully exist in a particular location
The wave-like nature of light explains most of its properties:
reflection/refraction
diffraction/interference
Doppler effect
This dualism to the nature of light is best demonstrated by the photoelectric effect, where a weak UV light produces a current flow (releases electrons) but a strong red light does not release electrons no matter how intense the red light.
The photoelectric effect is explained by assuming that light exists in a particle-like state, packets of energy (quanta) called photons. There is no current flow for red light because the packets of energy carried by each individual red photons are too weak to knock the electrons off the atoms no matter how many red photons you beamed onto the cathode. But the individual UV photons were each strong enough to release the electron and cause a current flow.
Thus, uncertainty principle is the valley point or the limit of classical dynamics, beyond which the quantum nature (duality nature) has to be employed to the particles when the dimension of the system shrinks (from macro to atomic).
Thus Heisenberg uncertainty principles is the direct consequences of both wave particle duality of radiation and wave particle duality of matter
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