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Class 11 Important Questions for Biology -
●Name the parts of human forebrain indicating their respective functions
Answers
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ғᴏʀᴇʙʀᴀɪɴ:
ᴛʜᴇ ғᴏʀᴇʙʀᴀɪɴ ᴄᴏɴsɪsᴛs ᴏғ ᴄᴇʀᴇʙʀᴜᴍ, ᴛʜᴀʟᴀᴍᴜs ᴀɴᴅ ʜʏᴘᴏᴛʜᴀʟᴀᴍᴜs.
ᴄᴇʀᴇʙʀᴜᴍ ғᴏʀᴍs_ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴀᴊᴏʀ ᴘᴀʀᴛ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ʜᴜᴍᴀɴ ʙʀᴀɪɴ. ᴀ ᴅᴇᴇᴘ ᴄʟᴇғᴛ ᴅɪᴠɪᴅᴇs ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴇʀᴇʙʀᴜᴍ ʟᴏɴɢɪᴛᴜᴅɪɴᴀʟʟʏ ɪɴᴛᴏ ᴛᴡᴏ ʜᴀʟᴠᴇs, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴀʀᴇ ᴛᴇʀᴍᴇᴅ ᴀs ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴇғᴛ ᴀɴᴅ ʀɪɢʜᴛ ᴄᴇʀᴇʙʀᴀʟ ʜᴇᴍɪsᴘʜᴇʀᴇs. ᴛʜᴇ ʜᴇᴍɪsᴘʜᴇʀᴇs ᴀʀᴇ ᴄᴏɴɴᴇᴄᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ ᴀ ᴛʀᴀᴄᴛ ᴏғ ɴᴇʀᴠᴇ ғɪʙʀᴇs ᴄᴀʟʟᴇᴅ ᴄᴏʀᴘᴜs ᴄᴀʟʟᴏsᴜᴍ.
ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴀʏᴇʀ ᴏғ ᴄᴇʟʟs ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴄᴏᴠᴇʀs ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴇʀᴇʙʀᴀʟ ʜᴇᴍɪsᴘʜᴇʀᴇ ɪs ᴄᴀʟʟᴇᴅ ᴄᴇʀᴇʙʀᴀʟ ᴄᴏʀᴛᴇx ᴀɴᴅ ɪs ᴛʜʀᴏᴡɴ ɪɴᴛᴏ ᴘʀᴏᴍɪɴᴇɴᴛ ғᴏʟᴅs. ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴇʀᴇʙʀᴀʟ ᴄᴏʀᴛᴇx ɪs ʀᴇғᴇʀʀᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴀs ᴛʜᴇ ɢʀᴇʏ ᴍᴀᴛᴛᴇʀ ᴅᴜᴇ ᴛᴏ ɪᴛs ɢʀᴇʏɪsʜ ᴀᴘᴘᴇᴀʀᴀɴᴄᴇ. ᴛʜᴇ ɴᴇᴜʀᴏɴ ᴄᴇʟʟ ʙᴏᴅɪᴇs ᴀʀᴇ ᴄᴏɴᴄᴇɴᴛʀᴀᴛᴇᴅ ʜᴇʀᴇ ɢɪᴠɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏʟᴏᴜʀ. ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴇʀᴇʙʀᴀʟ ᴄᴏʀᴛᴇx ᴄᴏɴᴛᴀɪɴs ᴍᴏᴛᴏʀ ᴀʀᴇᴀs, sᴇɴsᴏʀʏ ᴀʀᴇᴀs ᴀɴᴅ ʟᴀʀɢᴇ ʀᴇɢɪᴏɴs ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴀʀᴇ ɴᴇɪᴛʜᴇʀ ᴄʟᴇᴀʀʟʏ sᴇɴsᴏʀʏ ɴᴏʀ ᴍᴏᴛᴏʀ ɪɴ ғᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴ.
ᴛʜᴇsᴇ ʀᴇɢɪᴏɴs ᴄᴀʟʟᴇᴅ ᴀs ᴛʜᴇ ᴀssᴏᴄɪᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀʀᴇᴀs ᴀʀᴇ ʀᴇsᴘᴏɴsɪʙʟᴇ ғᴏʀ ᴄᴏᴍᴘʟᴇx ғᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴs ʟɪᴋᴇ ɪɴᴛᴇʀsᴇɴsᴏʀʏ ᴀssᴏᴄɪᴀᴛɪᴏɴs, ᴍᴇᴍᴏʀʏ ᴀɴᴅ ᴄᴏᴍᴍᴜɴɪᴄᴀᴛɪᴏɴ. ғɪʙʀᴇs ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛʀᴀᴄᴛs ᴀʀᴇ ᴄᴏᴠᴇʀᴇᴅ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍʏᴇʟɪɴ sʜᴇᴀᴛʜ, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴄᴏɴsᴛɪᴛᴜᴛᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ɪɴɴᴇʀ ᴘᴀʀᴛ ᴏғ ᴄᴇʀᴇʙʀᴀʟ ʜᴇᴍɪsᴘʜᴇʀᴇ. ᴛʜᴇʏ ɢɪᴠᴇ ᴀɴ ᴏᴘᴀϙᴜᴇ ᴡʜɪᴛᴇ ᴀᴘᴘᴇᴀʀᴀɴᴄᴇ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴀʏᴇʀ ᴀɴᴅ, ʜᴇɴᴄᴇ, ɪs ᴄᴀʟʟᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴡʜɪᴛᴇ ᴍᴀᴛᴛᴇʀ. ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴇʀᴇʙʀᴜᴍ ᴡʀᴀᴘs ᴀʀᴏᴜɴᴅ ᴀ sᴛʀᴜᴄᴛᴜʀᴇ ᴄᴀʟʟᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴀʟᴀᴍᴜs, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ɪs ᴀ ᴍᴀᴊᴏʀ ᴄᴏᴏʀᴅɪɴᴀᴛɪɴɢ ᴄᴇɴᴛʀᴇ ғᴏʀ sᴇɴsᴏʀʏ ᴀɴᴅ ᴍᴏᴛᴏʀ sɪɢɴᴀʟɪɴɢ. ᴀɴᴏᴛʜᴇʀ ᴠᴇʀʏ ɪᴍᴘᴏʀᴛᴀɴᴛ ᴘᴀʀᴛ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ʙʀᴀɪɴ ᴄᴀʟʟᴇᴅ ʜʏᴘᴏᴛʜᴀʟᴀᴍᴜs ʟɪᴇs ᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ʙᴀsᴇ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛʜᴀʟᴀᴍᴜs. ᴛʜᴇ ʜʏᴘᴏᴛʜᴀʟᴀᴍᴜs ᴄᴏɴᴛᴀɪɴs ᴀ ɴᴜᴍʙᴇʀ ᴏғ ᴄᴇɴᴛʀᴇs ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴏʟ ʙᴏᴅʏ ᴛᴇᴍᴘᴇʀᴀᴛᴜʀᴇ, ᴜʀɢᴇ ғᴏʀ ᴇᴀᴛɪɴɢ ᴀɴᴅ ᴅʀɪɴᴋɪɴɢ.
ɪᴛ ᴀʟsᴏ ᴄᴏɴᴛᴀɪɴs sᴇᴠᴇʀᴀʟ ɢʀᴏᴜᴘs ᴏғ
ɴᴇᴜʀᴏsᴇᴄʀᴇᴛᴏʀʏ ᴄᴇʟʟs, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ sᴇᴄʀᴇᴛᴇ ʜᴏʀᴍᴏɴᴇs ᴄᴀʟʟᴇᴅ ʜʏᴘᴏᴛʜᴀʟᴀᴍɪᴄ ʜᴏʀᴍᴏɴᴇs. ᴛʜᴇ ɪɴɴᴇʀ ᴘᴀʀᴛs ᴏғ ᴄᴇʀᴇʙʀᴀʟ ʜᴇᴍɪsᴘʜᴇʀᴇs ᴀɴᴅ ᴀ ɢʀᴏᴜᴘ ᴏғ ᴀssᴏᴄɪᴀᴛᴇᴅ ᴅᴇᴇᴘ sᴛʀᴜᴄᴛᴜʀᴇs ʟɪᴋᴇ ᴀᴍʏɢᴅᴀʟᴀ, ʜɪᴘᴘᴏᴄᴀᴍᴘᴜs, ᴇᴛᴄ., ғᴏʀᴍ ᴀ ᴄᴏᴍᴘʟᴇx sᴛʀᴜᴄᴛᴜʀᴇ ᴄᴀʟʟᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ʟɪᴍʙɪᴄ ʟᴏʙᴇ ᴏʀ ʟɪᴍʙɪᴄ sʏsᴛᴇᴍ. ᴀʟᴏɴɢ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴛʜᴇ ʜʏᴘᴏᴛʜᴀʟᴀᴍᴜs, ɪᴛ ɪs ɪɴᴠᴏʟᴠᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ʀᴇɢᴜʟᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ sᴇxᴜᴀʟ ʙᴇʜᴀᴠɪᴏᴜʀ, ᴇxᴘʀᴇssɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴇᴍᴏᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ ʀᴇᴀᴄᴛɪᴏɴs (ᴇ.ɢ., ᴇxᴄɪᴛᴇᴍᴇɴᴛ, ᴘʟᴇᴀsᴜʀᴇ, ʀᴀɢᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ғᴇᴀʀ), ᴀɴᴅ ᴍᴏᴛɪᴠᴀᴛɪᴏɴ .
Explanation:
The human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system. The brain consists of the cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum. It controls most of the activities of the body, processing, integrating, and coordinating the information it receives from the sense organs, and making decisions as to the instructions sent to the rest of the body. The brain is contained in, and protected by, the skull bones of the head.
Quick facts: Precursor, System …
The cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain. It is divided into two cerebral hemispheres. The cerebral cortex is an outer layer of grey matter, covering the core of white matter. The cortex is split into the neocortex and the much smaller allocortex. The neocortex is made up of six neuronal layers, while the allocortex has three or four. Each hemisphere is conventionally divided into four lobes – the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. The frontal lobe is associated with executive functions including self-control, planning, reasoning, and abstract thought, while the occipital lobe is dedicated to vision. Within each lobe, cortical areas are associated with specific functions, such as the sensory, motor and association regions. Although the left and right hemispheres are broadly similar in shape and function, some functions are associated with one side, such as language in the left and visual-spatial ability in the right. The hemispheres are connected by commissural nerve tracts, the largest being the corpus callosum.
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