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Explain the features of monopoly?
Answers
Monopoly characteristics include profit maximizer, price maker, high barriers to entry, single seller, and price discrimination. ... The most significant distinction is that a monopoly has a downward sloping demand instead of the “perceived” perfectly elastic curve of the perfectly competitive market.
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1. Single Seller of the Product
In a monopoly market, usually, there is a single firm which produces and/or supplies a particular product/ commodity. It is fair to say that such a firm constitutes the entire industry. Also, there is no distinction between the firm and the industry.
2. Entry Restrictions
Another feature of a monopoly market is restrictions of entry. These restrictions can be of any form like economical, legal, institutional, artificial, etc.
3. No Close Substitutes
Usually, a monopolist sells a product which does not have any close substitutes. Therefore, the cross elasticity of demand for such a product is either zero or very small. Also, the price elasticity of demand for the monopolist’s product is less than one. Hence, in the monopoly market, the monopolist faces a downward sloping demand curve.
Now, to a certain extent, all goods are substitutes for one another. However, certain essential characteristics in a commodity or a group of commodities can lead to gaps in this chain of substitution.
A monopolist or a single seller is one who identifies these gaps, excludes the competition, and controls the supply of a particular commodity. Such a monopolist can use his single-selling power in any manner to realize maximum revenue. This includes price discrimination.
It is important to note that in real life, complete monopoly is extremely rare. However, one firm can dominate the supply of a good or a group of goods. For example, in public utilities, like transport, water, electricity, etc., monopolistic markets usually exist to reap the benefits of large-scale production.
4. Price Maker
Since there is only one firm selling the product, it becomes the price maker for the whole industry. The consumers have to accept the price set by the firm as there are no other sellers or close substitutes.