Question

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✔✔DESCRIBE ONLY CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF CYCLOTRON⬅⬅

Answer 1

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Cyclotron is a device to accelerate charged particles to very high speed. It employs an electric and magnetic field for the same purpose.

The working of a cyclotron is based on the fact that the frequency of revolution of charged particle is not dependent on the energy.
Particle moves inside the two semi-circular disc-like metal containers D and D called Dees.
When the particle moves from one Dee to another, it is acted upon by electric field.

Electric field changes sign alternately. Therefore, the particle is accelerated by the electric field, which increases the energy of the particle.

The increase in energy increases the radius of the circular path.

Hence, the path is a spiral one.
Time period of revolution is
This frequency is called the cyclotron frequency.

The working principle of a cyclotron involves the use of an electric field to accelerate charge particles across the gap between two D shaped magnetic field regions. The magnetic field is perpendicular to the paths of the charged particles makes them follow circular paths within two Dees. An alternating voltage accelerates the charged particles each time they cross the Dees. The radius of each particle�s path increases with its speed, so the accelerated particles spiral toward the outer wall of the cyclotron.

Limitations

1. Light particles like electrons(e-) and positron(e+) cannot be accelerated by cyclotron as frequency will no more be constant. So resonance condition cannot always be satisfied.

2. As cyclotrons are very big, it is difficult to maintain constant magnetic field over a large area.

Answer 2

Explanation:

Construction: It consists of a hollow metal cylinder that is divided into two sections D1 and D2. These sections are called Dees. They are enclosed in an evacuated chamber. The Dees are kept separated from each other and a source of ions is placed at the center. They are placed between the two poles of a strong electromagnet. The dees are connected to a high-frequency oscillator.

Construction: It consists of a hollow metal cylinder that is divided into two sections D1 and D2. These sections are called Dees. They are enclosed in an evacuated chamber. The Dees are kept separated from each other and a source of ions is placed at the center. They are placed between the two poles of a strong electromagnet. The dees are connected to a high-frequency oscillator.Principle: It works on a principle that a charged particle moving perpendicular to magnetic field experiences a magnetic force (Lorentz). This force makes the particle to move in a circular path.

Construction: It consists of a hollow metal cylinder that is divided into two sections D1 and D2. These sections are called Dees. They are enclosed in an evacuated chamber. The Dees are kept separated from each other and a source of ions is placed at the center. They are placed between the two poles of a strong electromagnet. The dees are connected to a high-frequency oscillator.Principle: It works on a principle that a charged particle moving perpendicular to magnetic field experiences a magnetic force (Lorentz). This force makes the particle to move in a circular path.Working: Cyclotron involves the use of an electric field that is used to accelerate charged particles across the gap between two D shaped magnetic field regions. The magnetic field used in a cyclotron is perpendicular to the paths of the charged particles. When a positive ion of charge q and mass m is emitted from the source it is accelerated towards the Dee having a negative potential. Due to the perpendicular magnetic field the ion experience magnetic Lorentz force and moves in a circular path. When the ion arrives at the gap between the gap the polarity of Dees gets reversed. It again accelerate the particle and due to which it moves into the other Dee having greater velocity. The particle now moves in a spiral path that has an increased radius. When it comes near the edge it can be taken out with the help of deflector plate. The particle now having high energy is now allowed to hit the target.

Limitations

Limitations1. Light particles like electrons(e-) and positron(e+) cannot be accelerated by cyclotron as frequency will no more be constant. So resonance condition cannot always be satisfied.

Limitations1. Light particles like electrons(e-) and positron(e+) cannot be accelerated by cyclotron as frequency will no more be constant. So resonance condition cannot always be satisfied.2. As cyclotrons are very big, it is difficult to maintain constant magnetic field over a large area.