Question

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A very brief explain on neuron .

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Answer 1

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$\bold \purple{neurons}$


The brain and spinal cord are made up of neurons . Each neuron as a nucleus-containing cell body , called the cyton or Soma . From the cyton arise fibre like projections called dendrons or dendrites . This carry impulses( messages encoded as electrical signals ) to the cyton . A long tube like fibre, call the axon , arises from a slightly thickened region of the cyton, called the Axon hillock .

The axon extends out words from the cyton and in many branches . Each of these branches in a knoblike swelling called synaptic knob or the terminal button . The axons of some neurons are covered with the fatty white substance called myelin . The covering is called myelin sheath . Neurons with axons that have a myelin sheath are called myelinated neurons, while neurons with unmyelinated axons are called unmyelinated neurons . Myelinated neurons conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated neurons .

An axon carries impulses away from the cyton . The synaptic knobs of one neuron connect with one or more dendrites of another neuron, forming a continuous pathway . The junction of the synaptic knobs and dendrites is called the synapse. When an impulse reaches the end of an axon, it stimulates the release of certain Chemicals called neurotransmitters from the synaptic knob . The neuro-transmitters diffuse across the synapse to stimulate the dendrites of the next neuron . The cyton of this neuron generates an impulse in response to the neurotransmitters, which is carried along its axon in the same manner . Thus , an impulse can travel uninterruptedly from any part of the body to the brain and spinal cord, and vice versa .

Neurons can have a variety of shapes, but have the same basic function. They receive impulses at the dendritic end and transmit impulses through the axonic end . On the basis of the source and destination of the impulses they carry, neurons are classified into sensory and motor . Sensory neurons carry impulses from the sense organs (such as the skin) and other organs to the brain and spinal cord .

Motor neurons carry impulses from the brain and the spinal cord to effector organs (organs that act in response to a stimulus) such as glands and muscles . A stimulus is something that produces a response in an organism . Synapse between a motor neuron and the muscle fibre is called the neuromuscular junction . Some motor neurons have their cell bodies located in the brain, while some have them in the spinal cord . Those motor neurons that have their cell bodies located in the spinal cord are usually involved in reflex action .



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Answer 2

The nervous tissue is formed of neurones or Nerve cells and nerve fibres.

Neurons are the structural and functional unit of nervous tissue.

They may be as long as a meter.

Neurons posses two main special features:

1) They perceive stimuli.

2) They translate or conductor nerve impulses from sense organs to brain and foam brain to body is motor organs at a great speed.

Astrocytes :

They are the star shaped cells present in neurons .

Their main functions are as follows :

They provide oxygen to the neurons.

They provide protection to the neurons.

They defence the neurons .

They help in the supply of food to the neurons.


Structure of nerve fibre :

Cyton or cell body is star-shaped.

Its cytoplasm is called neoplasm which contains a large nucleus and fine thread like neurofibrils.

Neurites arising from site owner of two types :

Axons

Dendrons

Dendrons are small and highly branched processes arising from the Cyton .
Their numbers main vary from one to many.
They receive impulses from the previous exam and convey them to the Cyton .

Axon is the long cylindrical process arising from the Cyton .

It is surrounded by a covering called neuralamma .