Question

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▶️Explain the discovery of CATHODE RAYS ??


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Answer 1

Electrons were discovered as the constituents of cathode rays in 1897 by British physicist J. J. Thomson. He showed the rays were composed of a previously unknown negatively charged particle, which was later called the electron. Cathode ray tubes (CRTs) use a focused beam of electrons deflected by electric or magnetic fields to create the image in a classic television set.

Some properties of cathode rays:

They travel linearly
They have a negative electric charge
They have particle property
Magnets can deflect them
Charge/mass ratio of the rays is constant

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Answer 2

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In 1855 German inventor Heinrich Geissler develops mercury pump - produces first good vacuum tubes, these tubes, as modified by Sir William Crookes, become the first to produce cathode rays, leading eventually to the discovery of the electron (and a bit farther down the road to television).

Cathode rays (also called an electron beam or e-beam) are streams of electrons observed in vacuum tubes. If an evacuated glass tube is equipped with two electrodes and a voltage is applied, the glass opposite of the negative electrode is observed to glow, due to electrons emitted from and travelling perpendicular to the cathode(the electrode connected to the negative terminal of the voltage supply). 

In 1876 Eugen Goldstein shows that the radiation in a vacuum tube produced when an electric current is forced through the tube starts at the cathode; Goldstein introduces the term cathode ray to describe the light emitted.

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