Question

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zelinsky reaction and cannizzaro reaction ?

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Answer 1

SEE THIS ATTACHMENT ☘️♥️

Answer 2

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The reaction conditions for the hell volhard zelinsky reaction are quite severe- involving reaction temperatures above 373 K and increased reaction time. The reaction usually requires less than one equivalent of phosphorous (or a trihalide of phosphorous). Some carboxylic acids and acid derivatives such as acyl halides or anhydrides can be halogenated in the absence of a catalyst. An example of the HVZ Reaction is given below. The HVZ reaction fails to accomplish the fluorination and iodination of carboxylic acids. If the Hell Volhard Zelinsky reaction is conducted at extremely high temperatures, there may be an elimination of hydrogen halide from the product, thereby resulting the formation of beta unsaturated carboxylic acids.

Cannizzaro Reaction Mechanism details the method to get one molecule of alcohol and one molecule of carboxylic acid from two molecules of a given aldehyde. Scientist Stanislao Cannizzaro, in 1853 succeeded in obtaining benzyl alcohol and potassium benzoate from benzaldehyde. The reaction is executed by a nucleophilic acyl substitution on an aldehyde where the leaving group attacks another aldehyde. A tetrahedral intermediate results from the attack of hydroxide on a carbonyl. This tetrahedral intermediate collapses, thereby reforming the carbonyl and transferring a hydride which attacks another colony. Now, a proton is exchanged by acid and alkoxide ions. When a base of high concentration is introduced, the aldehyde forms an anion which has a charge of 2. From this, a hydride ion is transferred to a second molecule of the aldehyde, forming carboxylate and alkoxide ions. The alkoxide ion also obtains a proton from the solvent for the reaction.

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