Question

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QUESTIONS-:



● What is meant by analogous organs? Taking a suitable example, explain how they support the theory of Organic Evolution.

●Define ‘evolution’. Describe Darwin’s theory of evolution.

● Define variation in relation to a species. Why is variation beneficial to the species?​

Answer 1

Answer:

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Explanation:

● Analogous organs are those organs which I have different basic structural design and developmental origin but have similar appearance and perform similar functions.

Example: The wings of birds and bats look similar but have different design in their structure. They have a common function of flying but their origins are not common. So, birds and bats are not closely related.

● Evolution is the sequence of gradual changes which take place in the primitive organisms over millions of years and new species are produced. Since, the evolution is of the living organisms, so it is called ‘Organic Evolution’.

Darwin’s theory of Evolution: Charles Robert Darwin gave the theory of evolution in his famous book, ‘The Origin of Species’. The theory of evolution proposed by Darwin is known as ‘The Theory of Natural Selection’. It is also called ‘Darwinism’.

● Variation refers to the differences in the characters or traits among the individuals of a species.

Variations are beneficial to the species because:

• They enable the organisms to adapt themselves in changing environment.

• Variations form the basis of heredity.

• They form the raw materials for evolution and development of new species.

Answer 2

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Explanation:

• Analogous, organs have different developmental origin and structural design but perform similar function,e.g. the wings of birds and insects are analogous organs indicating that they have different, ancestors but have a convergent evolution. In this way, analogous organ supports the theory of organic evolution.
• Evolution is the process of cumulative change in the heritable characteristics of a population. Darwin's Theory : All species of organisms arise and develop through natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to complete, survive and reproduce.
• Variation refers to the differences in the characters or traits among the individuals of a species. Variations are beneficial to the species because: a They enable the organisms to adapt themselves in changing environment. c They form the raw materials for evolution and development of new species.

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