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Explanation:
c) float
d)water, nutrients
2._Match the following_
(i) kharif crop---paddy and maize
(ii)Rabi crops---wheat,gram,pea
(iii)chemical fertilizers--urea and super phosphate
(iv)organic manure---animal excreta ,cow dung urine and plastic waste
3. (a)example example of kharif crops maize and soya bean
(b)example of Rabi crops are gram and pea.
4.a) Preparation of soil:
Turning up the soil and loosening it is the first step before growing a crop. This allows the roots to penetrate deep into the soil. The loose soil allows the roots to breathe easily even when they go deep into the soil. The loosened soil helps in the growth of earthworms and microbes present in the soil. These organisms are friends of the farmer since they further turn and loosen the soil and add humus to it.
(b) sowing
Sowing of seeds at proper depths and distances gives a good yield. High-grade variety of seeds are sown after the selection of healthy seeds. Sowing is done by seed drills.
c) Weeding:
Weeding involves the removal of unwanted and uncultivated plants called weeds. Weeding is essential as weeds compete with the crop plants for water, nutrients, space and light. It affects the growth of the crop. Some weeds are even poisonous for animals and human beings.
d)) Threshing:
Separation of the grains from the chaff is called threshing. It is either done manually by sickle or by a machine called harvester.
ans5.fertilisers
•fertilizer is man made inorganic salt
•fertilizer is prepared in factories
•fertilizer does not provide any humus to soil
•fertilizer are very rich in plant nutrients like nitrogen, Phosphorus and potassium
Manure
•manure is a natural substance obtained by the decomposition of cattle dung and plant residues
•manure can be prepared in the fields
•manure provides a lot of humus to the soil
•manure is relative less rich in in plant nutrients
ans6.The supply of water to crops at regular intervals is called irrigation.
Two methods of irrigation which conserve water are:-
(i) Drip system: In this system, the water falls drop by drop directly near the roots. It is the best technique for watering fruit plants, gardens and trees.
(ii) Sprinkler System: In this system, the perpendicular pipes, having rotating nozzles on top, are joined to the main pipeline at regular intervals. When water is allowed to flow through the main pipe under pressure with the help of a pump, it escapes from the rotating nozzles. It gets sprinkled on the crop as if it is raining. The sprinkler is very useful for lawns, coffee plantation and several other crops.
ans7.Wheat is Rabi Crop and is sown in the winter season (October to March) and it needs very less water. If it is sown in Kharif season or rainy season (from June to September), the the excess water may damage the crop. extreme weather condition may result in very very less or no crop yield
ans8.Soil supplies mineral nutrients to the crop plants. These nutrients areessential for the growth of plants. Continuous cultivation of crops makes the soil poor in nutrients and crop yield decreases as plants do not get proper nutrients.
ans9.Undesirable plants that grow naturally along with the crop are known as weeds. It can be controlled by the process of weeding. Weeding involves the removal of unwanted and uncultivated plants called weeds. Weeding is essential as weeds compete with the crop plants for water, nutrients, space and light. It affects the growth of the crop. Some weeds are even poisonous for animals and human beings.Some methods to control weeds are:-
Physical removal of weeds by uprooting or cutting them close to the ground, from time to time.
Weeds are also controlled by using certain chemicals, called weedicides
ans10.prepration of soil
5
ploughing the fields
6
sowing.
4
harvesting
3
irrigation
2
manuring
7
sending crops to sugar factory
1