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BOTH THE QUESTIONS​

Answer 1

Answer :- The term electrophoresis describes the migration of a charged particle under the influence of an electrical field. Many important biomolecules — such as peptide, proteins nucleotides and nucleic acids — possess ionisable groups and, therefore, at any given pH, exist in solution as electrically charged species either as cations (+) or anions (-).

:- Under the influence of an electric field these charged particles will migrate either to the cathode or to the anode, depending on the nature of their net charge.

:- The equipment required for electrophoresis consists basically of two items — a power pack, and an electrophoresis unit. Electrophoresis units are available for running either vertical or horizontal gel system. A typical vertical and horizontal gel electrophoretic apparatus are shown separately .

:- The power pack supplies a direct current between the electrodes in the elec­trophoresis unit. All electrophoresis is carried out in an appropriate buffer, which is essential to maintain a constant state of ionization of the molecules being sepa­rated. Any variation in pH would alter the overall charge and, hence, the mobilities of the molecules being separated.

:- The introduction of the use of gels as support medium led to a rapid improve­ment in methods for analysing macromolecules. The earliest gel system to be used was the starch gel and, although this still has some use, the vast majority of electro­phoretic techniques used nowadays involve either agarose gels or polyacrylamide gels.

Answer 2

answer :-

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