Question

help its for english 2 plzzzz


Which three paragraphs in this excerpt from the article "The Melting Arctic" from the European Environmental Agency rely on expert opinion to support the organization's point of view?



Greenland's ice sheet contains enough water to increase global sea levels by 7 meters. In any case, if it were to melt completely, it would take many centuries. Recent melting of the Greenland ice sheet is estimated to have contributed up to 0.7 millimeters a year to sea level rise (about one quarter of the total global average sea level rise of about 3.1 mm/year). Projections for global average sea level rise estimates by 2100 vary from 0.2 to 2.0, depending on the model and scenario used.


"There is substantial uncertainty around by how much the sea levels may actually increase," said Professor David Vaughan from the British Antarctic Survey during his presentation. "Once sea level rises, it is quite difficult to make it fall again. At the moment, the sea level is increasing by about 3 mm per year, but with climate change, this rate is very likely to increase."


Vaughan continued, "There are different factors behind sea level rise. About one third of the rise we can expect could be linked to the thermal expansion of oceans. Melting mountain glaciers are also predictable and their contribution can be estimated roughly. The big uncertainty is linked to ice sheets in Greenland and the Antarctica. We have studies on how they are losing ice, but projections come with high levels of
uncertainty."

Warmer temperatures in the Arctic accelerate the melting, which result in darker surfaces on the sea and land. These darker surfaces retain a larger part of the solar energy instead of reflecting it back. Warmer air and water temperatures in the region also affect the surrounding land, including the permafrost, which has started melting both on land and at sub-sea level. . . .


In addition to potentially causing sea levels to rise and contributing to global warming, the Arctic melting could also alter the oceans' salinity levels and affect ocean currents. Moreover, increased absorption of CO2 in the oceans can lead to ocean acidification and this can in turn alter the composition and distribution of key Arctic species like crustaceans, krill and plankton.


According to Morten Olsen, chair of a recent Arctic Council assessment on changes in Arctic snow- and ice-conditions, "Changes in the climate and cryosphere risk fundamentally altering the Arctic ecosystems. Warmer water temperatures might result in invasive species moving north, which would affect local species and ultimately local economies."

Answer 1

ʰᵉʸᵃᵃᵃ ᵃᵃᵃᵃ






ᵍʳᵉᵉⁿˡᵃⁿᵈ'ˢ ⁱᶜᵉ ˢʰᵉᵉᵗ ᶜᵒⁿᵗᵃⁱⁿˢ ᵉⁿᵒᵘᵍʰ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵗᵒ ⁱⁿᶜʳᵉᵃˢᵉ ᵍˡᵒᵇᵃˡ ˢᵉᵃ ˡᵉᵛᵉˡˢ ᵇʸ ₇ ᵐᵉᵗᵉʳˢ. ⁱⁿ ᵃⁿʸ ᶜᵃˢᵉ, ⁱᶠ ⁱᵗ ʷᵉʳᵉ ᵗᵒ ᵐᵉˡᵗ ᶜᵒᵐᵖˡᵉᵗᵉˡʸ, ⁱᵗ ʷᵒᵘˡᵈ ᵗᵃᵏᵉ ᵐᵃⁿʸ ᶜᵉⁿᵗᵘʳⁱᵉˢ. ʳᵉᶜᵉⁿᵗ ᵐᵉˡᵗⁱⁿᵍ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉ ᵍʳᵉᵉⁿˡᵃⁿᵈ ⁱᶜᵉ ˢʰᵉᵉᵗ ⁱˢ ᵉˢᵗⁱᵐᵃᵗᵉᵈ ᵗᵒ ʰᵃᵛᵉ ᶜᵒⁿᵗʳⁱᵇᵘᵗᵉᵈ ᵘᵖ ᵗᵒ ₀.₇ ᵐⁱˡˡⁱᵐᵉᵗᵉʳˢ ᵃ ʸᵉᵃʳ ᵗᵒ ˢᵉᵃ ˡᵉᵛᵉˡ ʳⁱˢᵉ (ᵃᵇᵒᵘᵗ ᵒⁿᵉ զᵘᵃʳᵗᵉʳ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉ ᵗᵒᵗᵃˡ ᵍˡᵒᵇᵃˡ ᵃᵛᵉʳᵃᵍᵉ ˢᵉᵃ ˡᵉᵛᵉˡ ʳⁱˢᵉ ᵒᶠ ᵃᵇᵒᵘᵗ ₃.₁ ᵐᵐ/ʸᵉᵃʳ). ᵖʳᵒʲᵉᶜᵗⁱᵒⁿˢ ᶠᵒʳ ᵍˡᵒᵇᵃˡ ᵃᵛᵉʳᵃᵍᵉ ˢᵉᵃ ˡᵉᵛᵉˡ ʳⁱˢᵉ ᵉˢᵗⁱᵐᵃᵗᵉˢ ᵇʸ ₂₁₀₀ ᵛᵃʳʸ ᶠʳᵒᵐ ₀.₂ ᵗᵒ ₂.₀, ᵈᵉᵖᵉⁿᵈⁱⁿᵍ ᵒⁿ ᵗʰᵉ ᵐᵒᵈᵉˡ ᵃⁿᵈ ˢᶜᵉⁿᵃʳⁱᵒ ᵘˢᵉᵈ.

"ᵗʰᵉʳᵉ ⁱˢ ˢᵘᵇˢᵗᵃⁿᵗⁱᵃˡ ᵘⁿᶜᵉʳᵗᵃⁱⁿᵗʸ ᵃʳᵒᵘⁿᵈ ᵇʸ ʰᵒʷ ᵐᵘᶜʰ ᵗʰᵉ ˢᵉᵃ ˡᵉᵛᵉˡˢ ᵐᵃʸ ᵃᶜᵗᵘᵃˡˡʸ ⁱⁿᶜʳᵉᵃˢᵉ," ˢᵃⁱᵈ ᵖʳᵒᶠᵉˢˢᵒʳ ᵈᵃᵛⁱᵈ ᵛᵃᵘᵍʰᵃⁿ ᶠʳᵒᵐ ᵗʰᵉ ᵇʳⁱᵗⁱˢʰ ᵃⁿᵗᵃʳᶜᵗⁱᶜ ˢᵘʳᵛᵉʸ ᵈᵘʳⁱⁿᵍ ʰⁱˢ ᵖʳᵉˢᵉⁿᵗᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ. "ᵒⁿᶜᵉ ˢᵉᵃ ˡᵉᵛᵉˡ ʳⁱˢᵉˢ, ⁱᵗ ⁱˢ զᵘⁱᵗᵉ ᵈⁱᶠᶠⁱᶜᵘˡᵗ ᵗᵒ ᵐᵃᵏᵉ ⁱᵗ ᶠᵃˡˡ ᵃᵍᵃⁱⁿ. ᵃᵗ ᵗʰᵉ ᵐᵒᵐᵉⁿᵗ, ᵗʰᵉ ˢᵉᵃ ˡᵉᵛᵉˡ ⁱˢ ⁱⁿᶜʳᵉᵃˢⁱⁿᵍ ᵇʸ ᵃᵇᵒᵘᵗ ₃ ᵐᵐ ᵖᵉʳ ʸᵉᵃʳ, ᵇᵘᵗ ʷⁱᵗʰ ᶜˡⁱᵐᵃᵗᵉ ᶜʰᵃⁿᵍᵉ, ᵗʰⁱˢ ʳᵃᵗᵉ ⁱˢ ᵛᵉʳʸ ˡⁱᵏᵉˡʸ ᵗᵒ ⁱⁿᶜʳᵉᵃˢᵉ."

ᵛᵃᵘᵍʰᵃⁿ ᶜᵒⁿᵗⁱⁿᵘᵉᵈ, "ᵗʰᵉʳᵉ ᵃʳᵉ ᵈⁱᶠᶠᵉʳᵉⁿᵗ ᶠᵃᶜᵗᵒʳˢ ᵇᵉʰⁱⁿᵈ ˢᵉᵃ ˡᵉᵛᵉˡ ʳⁱˢᵉ. ᵃᵇᵒᵘᵗ ᵒⁿᵉ ᵗʰⁱʳᵈ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉ ʳⁱˢᵉ ʷᵉ ᶜᵃⁿ ᵉˣᵖᵉᶜᵗ ᶜᵒᵘˡᵈ ᵇᵉ ˡⁱⁿᵏᵉᵈ ᵗᵒ ᵗʰᵉ ᵗʰᵉʳᵐᵃˡ ᵉˣᵖᵃⁿˢⁱᵒⁿ ᵒᶠ ᵒᶜᵉᵃⁿˢ. ᵐᵉˡᵗⁱⁿᵍ ᵐᵒᵘⁿᵗᵃⁱⁿ ᵍˡᵃᶜⁱᵉʳˢ ᵃʳᵉ ᵃˡˢᵒ ᵖʳᵉᵈⁱᶜᵗᵃᵇˡᵉ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵗʰᵉⁱʳ ᶜᵒⁿᵗʳⁱᵇᵘᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᶜᵃⁿ ᵇᵉ ᵉˢᵗⁱᵐᵃᵗᵉᵈ ʳᵒᵘᵍʰˡʸ. ᵗʰᵉ ᵇⁱᵍ ᵘⁿᶜᵉʳᵗᵃⁱⁿᵗʸ ⁱˢ ˡⁱⁿᵏᵉᵈ ᵗᵒ ⁱᶜᵉ ˢʰᵉᵉᵗˢ ⁱⁿ ᵍʳᵉᵉⁿˡᵃⁿᵈ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵗʰᵉ ᵃⁿᵗᵃʳᶜᵗⁱᶜᵃ. ʷᵉ ʰᵃᵛᵉ ˢᵗᵘᵈⁱᵉˢ ᵒⁿ ʰᵒʷ ᵗʰᵉʸ ᵃʳᵉ ˡᵒˢⁱⁿᵍ ⁱᶜᵉ, ᵇᵘᵗ ᵖʳᵒʲᵉᶜᵗⁱᵒⁿˢ ᶜᵒᵐᵉ ʷⁱᵗʰ ʰⁱᵍʰ ˡᵉᵛᵉˡˢ ᵒᶠ 
ᵘⁿᶜᵉʳᵗᵃⁱⁿᵗʸ."

ʷᵃʳᵐᵉʳ ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉˢ ⁱⁿ ᵗʰᵉ ᵃʳᶜᵗⁱᶜ ᵃᶜᶜᵉˡᵉʳᵃᵗᵉ ᵗʰᵉ ᵐᵉˡᵗⁱⁿᵍ, ʷʰⁱᶜʰ ʳᵉˢᵘˡᵗ ⁱⁿ ᵈᵃʳᵏᵉʳ ˢᵘʳᶠᵃᶜᵉˢ ᵒⁿ ᵗʰᵉ ˢᵉᵃ ᵃⁿᵈ ˡᵃⁿᵈ. ᵗʰᵉˢᵉ ᵈᵃʳᵏᵉʳ ˢᵘʳᶠᵃᶜᵉˢ ʳᵉᵗᵃⁱⁿ ᵃ ˡᵃʳᵍᵉʳ ᵖᵃʳᵗ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉ ˢᵒˡᵃʳ ᵉⁿᵉʳᵍʸ ⁱⁿˢᵗᵉᵃᵈ ᵒᶠ ʳᵉᶠˡᵉᶜᵗⁱⁿᵍ ⁱᵗ ᵇᵃᶜᵏ. ʷᵃʳᵐᵉʳ ᵃⁱʳ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉˢ ⁱⁿ ᵗʰᵉ ʳᵉᵍⁱᵒⁿ ᵃˡˢᵒ ᵃᶠᶠᵉᶜᵗ ᵗʰᵉ ˢᵘʳʳᵒᵘⁿᵈⁱⁿᵍ ˡᵃⁿᵈ, ⁱⁿᶜˡᵘᵈⁱⁿᵍ ᵗʰᵉ ᵖᵉʳᵐᵃᶠʳᵒˢᵗ, ʷʰⁱᶜʰ ʰᵃˢ ˢᵗᵃʳᵗᵉᵈ ᵐᵉˡᵗⁱⁿᵍ ᵇᵒᵗʰ ᵒⁿ ˡᵃⁿᵈ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵃᵗ ˢᵘᵇ-ˢᵉᵃ ˡᵉᵛᵉˡ. . . .

ⁱⁿ ᵃᵈᵈⁱᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵗᵒ ᵖᵒᵗᵉⁿᵗⁱᵃˡˡʸ ᶜᵃᵘˢⁱⁿᵍ ˢᵉᵃ ˡᵉᵛᵉˡˢ ᵗᵒ ʳⁱˢᵉ ᵃⁿᵈ ᶜᵒⁿᵗʳⁱᵇᵘᵗⁱⁿᵍ ᵗᵒ ᵍˡᵒᵇᵃˡ ʷᵃʳᵐⁱⁿᵍ, ᵗʰᵉ ᵃʳᶜᵗⁱᶜ ᵐᵉˡᵗⁱⁿᵍ ᶜᵒᵘˡᵈ ᵃˡˢᵒ ᵃˡᵗᵉʳ ᵗʰᵉ ᵒᶜᵉᵃⁿˢ' ˢᵃˡⁱⁿⁱᵗʸ ˡᵉᵛᵉˡˢ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵃᶠᶠᵉᶜᵗ ᵒᶜᵉᵃⁿ ᶜᵘʳʳᵉⁿᵗˢ. ᵐᵒʳᵉᵒᵛᵉʳ, ⁱⁿᶜʳᵉᵃˢᵉᵈ ᵃᵇˢᵒʳᵖᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵒᶠ ᶜᵒ₂ ⁱⁿ ᵗʰᵉ ᵒᶜᵉᵃⁿˢ ᶜᵃⁿ ˡᵉᵃᵈ ᵗᵒ ᵒᶜᵉᵃⁿ ᵃᶜⁱᵈⁱᶠⁱᶜᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵗʰⁱˢ ᶜᵃⁿ ⁱⁿ ᵗᵘʳⁿ ᵃˡᵗᵉʳ ᵗʰᵉ ᶜᵒᵐᵖᵒˢⁱᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵈⁱˢᵗʳⁱᵇᵘᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵒᶠ ᵏᵉʸ ᵃʳᶜᵗⁱᶜ ˢᵖᵉᶜⁱᵉˢ ˡⁱᵏᵉ ᶜʳᵘˢᵗᵃᶜᵉᵃⁿˢ, ᵏʳⁱˡˡ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵖˡᵃⁿᵏᵗᵒⁿ.

ᵃᶜᶜᵒʳᵈⁱⁿᵍ ᵗᵒ ᵐᵒʳᵗᵉⁿ ᵒˡˢᵉⁿ, ᶜʰᵃⁱʳ ᵒᶠ ᵃ ʳᵉᶜᵉⁿᵗ ᵃʳᶜᵗⁱᶜ ᶜᵒᵘⁿᶜⁱˡ ᵃˢˢᵉˢˢᵐᵉⁿᵗ ᵒⁿ ᶜʰᵃⁿᵍᵉˢ ⁱⁿ ᵃʳᶜᵗⁱᶜ ˢⁿᵒʷ- ᵃⁿᵈ ⁱᶜᵉ-ᶜᵒⁿᵈⁱᵗⁱᵒⁿˢ, "ᶜʰᵃⁿᵍᵉˢ ⁱⁿ ᵗʰᵉ ᶜˡⁱᵐᵃᵗᵉ ᵃⁿᵈ ᶜʳʸᵒˢᵖʰᵉʳᵉ ʳⁱˢᵏ ᶠᵘⁿᵈᵃᵐᵉⁿᵗᵃˡˡʸ ᵃˡᵗᵉʳⁱⁿᵍ ᵗʰᵉ ᵃʳᶜᵗⁱᶜ ᵉᶜᵒˢʸˢᵗᵉᵐˢ. ʷᵃʳᵐᵉʳ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ᵗᵉᵐᵖᵉʳᵃᵗᵘʳᵉˢ ᵐⁱᵍʰᵗ ʳᵉˢᵘˡᵗ ⁱⁿ ⁱⁿᵛᵃˢⁱᵛᵉ ˢᵖᵉᶜⁱᵉˢ ᵐᵒᵛⁱⁿᵍ ⁿᵒʳᵗʰ, ʷʰⁱᶜʰ ʷᵒᵘˡᵈ ᵃᶠᶠᵉᶜᵗ ˡᵒᶜᵃˡ ˢᵖᵉᶜⁱᵉˢ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵘˡᵗⁱᵐᵃᵗᵉˡʸ ˡᵒᶜᵃˡ ᵉᶜᵒⁿᵒᵐⁱᵉˢ."





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