Help me fast to make a project on flood
Answers
Answer: Two key factors in flooding are rainfall amount and rainfall intensity, with influences from topography, soil conditions, and ground cover. Each of these factors suggests possible projects. In general, a project on flood causes or outcomes will use models.
Topography impacts the rate of flow of water. Compare the speed of flow based on slope angle. Build or create a chute for the water. Calculate the speed of water flow using speed equals distance divided by time. Reset the chute to a steeper angle and calculate the speed again. Compare the speeds. Potential question: Does doubling the slope angle also double the speed of the water?
Consider how the width of a stream channel affects the speed of the water. Use two different widths of the chute. Measure the speeds and compare.
Evaluate how the depth of water changes as the channel narrows. Flash floods can result in a wall of water 30 feet high in a narrow canyon. Create or build a narrow chute and a wide chute. The amount of water flowing must be the same for both chutes. Measure the height of the water line in each case. Alternately, create a chute that gradually changes from wide and shallow to narrow and deep. Mark the waterline. Extend the project by comparing the water speed in the wide section to the speed in the narrow section.
Nearly half of flash flood-related deaths happen in automobiles. Calculate the force required to move an average automobile. How deep does water have to be to move a car?
Some floods result from breaking ice dams, levees, or dams. One of the worst dam breaks in US history was the May 31, 1889, Johnstown flood. Research and design a dam. Build a model of the dam across a chute. Determine the force required to break the dam. Evaluate and redesign to improve. Alternatively, design a bridge to minimize debris jams. Evaluate the pressure on a bridge due to debris or ice jams.
What do sedimentary deposits from a flood look like? Build or create two chutes. Place one chute at a shallow angle and the other at a steeper angle (in general, the steepest natural slopes range between 45 and 60 degrees). Fill both chutes with equal amounts of silt, sand, and rocks arranged as much alike as possible. Place a clear plastic box at the bottom of each chute. Let the water flow down through each chute to carry the silt, sand, and rocks into the plastic boxes. Compare the final arrangements of sediments. Alternatively, let the water and sediments flow out. Measure and compare how far the water carries the sediments.
Soil type affects the rate of rainfall infiltration. Using shallow plastic boxes, fill one with silt, one with sand, and one with pebbles, filling to the top of the plastic box. You can extend the idea by using two different boxes for each soil type, leaving sediments loose in one box and packing the sediments tightly in the other. Place each plastic box in a larger box to catch run-off. Use a sprinkler system to "rain" on the boxes. Measure and compare the amount of water that sinks into the sediments and measure the amount of water that runs off. You might also want to reset the boxes and increase the rate of rainfall.
Plant cover affects rainfall runoff. Use two clear plastic containers. Fill both with soil. Plant grass seed in one container. Once the grass has become established, use a sprinkler to rain on both containers. Capture and measure the amount of runoff. Alternately, use toothpicks to simulate plants in one container. Measure the amounts of water that infiltrates and that runs off.
Educate the public with a flood emergency project. Research the flood zones in the area. Create a public awareness campaign. Share emergency preparedness checklists. Write an article for the local paper or newscast. Work with local authorities to create post-emergency escape route signs from flood zones.