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Born on April 14th, 1891, Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar was an Indian nationalist, jurist, Dalit leader and a Buddhist revivalist. But most importantly, he was the chief architect of the Indian constitution. Born into a poor family, he spent his entire life fighting social discrimination against the lower castes. He overcome numerous social and financial obstacles to become the first ‘untouchable’ to obtain a college degree. He went on to earn a degree in law, and then doctorates in economics, and political science.
Throughout his early life, Ambedkar was subjected to intense social discrimination; but his father who had received some formal education, encouraged all his children to go through school. He also gave them a thorough knowledge of the Indian classics. Though Ambedkar attended school, he faced segregation by the teachers as well as the upper caste students, he too like other untouchable children, was not allowed to touch the earthen jar containing water. If there was no peon to pour him a drink, he went thirsty.
Essay on Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
As he entered college in Bombay, he became increasingly disturbed by the discrimination that he faced. Though,, excelling in academics, he was still treated as an ‘untouchable’ by most people. After completing his degree in economics and political science from the USA, he was recognised as a leading Indian scholar and was invited to chair the committee set up to draft the constitution of India. He became independent India’s first law minister and was conferred the Bharat Ratna posthumously in 1990. He relentlessly fought for the promotion of education and socio – economic upliftment of the depressed classes. He launched active movements against untouchability and started public protests to open and share public drinking water resources. He also began a struggle for the right to enter Hindu temples. He strongly believed that ‘God helps those who help themselves’ and being an ‘untouchable’ was no excuse for remaining a supressed and backward community. They had to improve their way of living through ‘education, organisation and agitation’.
When drafting the constitution he drew his inspiration from the Buddhist scriptures which he had read extensively. Voting by ballots, rules of debate and the formation of committees were incorporated from these scriptures. Thus, Ambedkar drew up a constitution that was shaped upon western models but was Indian in spirit. In it he provided a number of clauses that would help eradicate socio-economic inequalities and lack of opportunities. He also sought to expound gender equality in laws of inheritance, marriage and equality.
Ambedkar was a major influence in transforming the way India looks at socio-economic policies today. Regarded highly as a scholar, he passionately believed in the freedom of the individual. He was highly critical of any caste system and his conversion to Buddhism played a vital role in the revival of Buddhism in India and abroad. He remained an important member of the Rajya Sabha until his death on 6th December, 1956.
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Dr. Ambedkar was a vocal critic of capitalism and Brahmanism. He supported equality of opportunity. He was hurt at the plight of the labourers. He organised them under the banner of Savatantara Mazdoor Dal. It was due to his popularity and influence that Swantatara Mazdoor Dal bagged all the fifteen seats in the elections held in Bombay.
The contribution of Dr. Ambedkar in Indian Democracy is not to be forgotten. As a chairman of the Constitutional Committee he gave a shape to our country of a complete Sovereign, Democratic and Republic based on adult franchise. Baba Saheb Ambedkar’s name will be written in golden letters in the history of India as a creator of social justice.
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Fundamental rights are those rights which are essential for intellectual, moral and spiritual development of individuals. As these rights are fundamental or essential for existence and all-round development of individuals,hence called as 'Fundamental' rights. These are enshrined in Part III of the Constitution of India. These include individual rights common to most, such as equality before the law, freedom of speech and expression, religious and cultural freedom, peaceful assembly, freedom to practice religion, and the right to constitutional remedies for the protection of civil rights by means of writs.
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