Question

Hen does a bill become legally enforceable as the indian constitution

Answer 1

Most bills become legally enforceable on the same date that the President gives his/her assent. However, in some case as in Finance Bills, this happens on a date specified in the corresponding Act. A third less likely scenario is on a date requested by the Central or State Government.

Answer 2

Legislative proposals in the form of a bill are sent to either houses of Parliament of India. A bill is the draft statutory proposition, which becomes an Act of Parliament when enacted by both 'Houses of Parliament' and approved by the 'President'. The bill must be released in news articles, and the public must vote freely as soon as it is framed. The bill may then be revised to constructively reflect the public opinion, and ministers or private members can then bring it into Parliament. The former are known as government bills and the latter are private bills. Projects may also be listed as bills of public interest and private legislation. A public bill refers to a subject which is generally applicable to the public, while a private bill refers to a single person or institution.

EXPLANATION:

A  Bill is the draft of a legislative proposal. It must take different steps before it becomes a legislative act. There are three phases whereby a bill must be passed in one national assembly. For the legislature of the States, the procedure is similar

• First Reading: The process starts with a bill being introduced in either House of Parliament, that means Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha. The legislative process begins. The minister or private member may send a bill. In the former case, it is referred to as a Government Bill and in the former case, a Private Member's Bill. A member in charge of the Bill must request that the House leave to present the Bill. The Bill is introduced if leave is granted by the House. The first reading of the bill is known as this stage.
• Reference of Bill to a Standing Committee: Following the introduction of the Bill, the Speaker of the House in question will refer the Bill to the standing committee concerned for review and preparation of a report on it (the President of Lok Sabha or the President of Rajya Sabha or anyone else acting in his name).
• Second Reading: The Second Reading comprises consideration of the Bill that occurs in two stages.
• First Stage: In the first step, the Bill as a whole is the main issue as we address the basis of the Bill. In this phase, the House has the right to refer the Bill to a selected House or Joint Committee of both Houses or to circulate the Bill for opinion or to take it into account at once. The Committee shall consider a Bill, if it is referred to a Special / Joint Committee, as the House does. Members of the Committee may move amendments to the various provisions.
• Second Stage: The second stage of the second reading is the review clause by clause of the Bill by the Select / Joint Committee as introduced or stated. There is discussion of each provision of the Bill and amendments can at this stage be moved. Modifications of a provision have been transferred but not repealed before the House votes on the relevant clause.
• Third and Last Reading: The member in charge can hereafter request the adoption of the Bill. The third reading of the Bill is recognized in this process. At this point, the discussion is limited to either endorsing or opposing the Bill without any regard to information beyond what is absolutely necessary. It will be possible to move at this point just formal, verbal or meaningful changes.  
• Passing a Bill: If a quorum of at least one tenth of the total members of a house is not available at any time at the meeting of a house, it shall either be the job for the President or Speaker or the person acting therein, to adjourn the house or to suspend the house of assembly until a quorum occurs.
• Bill in the Other House: Once the Bill has been passed by a House of Parliament, a letter is sent to the other Chamber to be consistent with the above stages except the introductory stage. If the bill passed in one House is amended in the other Chamber, it is re-entered for approval by the original House. The two houses shall disagree if the originating House is not in agreement with the amendments.

• Joint Session of Both Houses: When there is an impasse between the two houses or if the other chamber has been lapsed for more than six months, the President may appoint a joint meeting of the two houses chaired by the President of the Lok Sabha with a simple majority.  

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