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Can i get detailed information on the topic "Hormonal and chemical changes during effect of viruses on human body"
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It is generally recognized among immunologists that males of all species have lower immunity than females. Men are more susceptible to a variety of infections, such as dysentery, gonorrhea, and malaria; and to certain cancers. Females are at greater risk of illnesses caused by an overactive immune system, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, diabetes ulcerative colitis, and arthritis.
Why men and women respond differently to infections caused by viruses or other parasites remains a mystery. How the immune system adopts certain strategies towards particular illnesses has not been determined. Examining gender characteristics, hormones and genes, and how they interact with immunology could provide answers to these questions. This was the goal of a team of Johns Hopkins researchers as they set out to determine how differences in sex are expressed in rats' response to hantaviruses (sex differences in hantaviruses represent an ecologically and clinically relevant model for studies of sex-based differences in infection).
Methodology and Results
These researchers first set out to determine if manipulating sex steroids in adult rodents would impact the response to inoculation with the Seoul virus (a Hantavirus that naturally occurs in Norway rats). The researchers found that in the male rats, the production of antibodies increased, enhanced Th1 responses (inflammatory responses) against infection occurred, and shed or released the virus into the environment for a longer time period than comparable females in the study. Accordingly, hormone manipulation in female and male adult rodents had no effect on their normal response to virus infection.