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A new study which has shed light on the food choices of people of Indus Valley civilisation, has revealed that Harappan people survived on a meat-heavy diet, including extensive eating of beef. The study published on Wednesday in the ‘Journal of Archaeological Science’, suggests that the prehistoric people of the time consumed meat of animals like cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, and pigs as well as dairy products.Also Read - No More Killing Animals? Singapore Becomes First Country to Approve Sale of Lab-Grown Meat

The researchers arrived at these results after analysing fat residues in ancient ceramic vessels from settlements of the Indus Civilisation in present-day Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. Notably, molecules called lipids, which make up fats and oils, are hardy and traces can survive for millions of year, whereas proteins degrade with time. Since, lipid residues were heavily found in pots, researchers have confidently ascertained that consumption of beef, goat, sheep and pig was widespread among Harappan

“Out of domestic animals, cattle/buffalo are the most abundant, averaging between 50% and 60% of the animal bones found, with sheep/goat accounting for 10% animal remains. The high proportions of cattle bones may suggest a cultural preference for beef consumption across Indus populations, supplemented by consumption of mutton/lamb,’’ says the study.

“Wild animal species like deer, antelope, gazelle, hares, birds, and riverine/marine resources are also found in small proportions in the faunal assemblages of both rural and urban Indus sites suggesting that these diverse resources had a place in the Indus diet. The pattern is similar at the sites in northwest India, where domestic and wild mammals, and smaller proportions of birds, reptiles, riverine fish, and molluscs were consumed,” the study further noted.