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Q. Difference between animal cell and plant cell. Draw diagrams for explanation.
☆ Class 8th - Science.
Answers
Plants and animal cells differ in various aspects. Major differences are listed below categorized as per factors:
1. Size: Animal cells are generally smaller than plant cells. Animal cells range from 10 to 30 micrometers in length, while plant cells range from 10 and 100 micrometers in length.
2. Mode of Energy Storage: Animals cells store energy in the form of the complex carbohydrate known as glycogen while Plant cells store energy as starch.
3. The existence of Cell Wall: Animal cells do not have a cell wall but have a cell membrane. Plant cells have a cell wall composed of cellulose as well as a cell membrane.
4. Amino acids synthesis: Of the 20 amino acids needed to produce proteins, only 10 can be produced naturally in animal cells. The other so-called essential amino acids must be acquired through diet. Plants are capable of synthesizing all 20 amino acids.
5. Presence of Centrioles: Animal cells contain these cylindrical structures that organize the assembly of microtubules during cell division. Plant cells do not typically contain centrioles.
6: Mechanism of Cytokinesis: Cytokinesis, the division of the cytoplasm during cell division, occurs in animal cells when a cleavage furrow forms that pinches the cell membrane in half. In plant cell cytokinesis, a cell plate is constructed that divides the cell.
7. The existence of Glyoxysomes: These structures are not found in animal cells but are present in plant cells. Glyoxysomes help to degrade lipids, particularly in germinating seeds, for the production of sugar.
8. Presence of Plastids: Animal cells do not have plastids. Plant cells contain plastids such as chloroplasts, which are needed for photosynthesis.
9. Vacuole size: Animal cells may have many small vacuoles. Plant cells have a large central vacuole that can occupy up to 90% of the cell's volume.
* It is usually larger in size.
* Plasma membrane is surrounded by rigid non - living cell wall made up of cellulose.
* The vacuoles are well developed. In a mature plant cell, usually a single large vacuole is present.
*Plastids are present.
ANIMAL CELL
* It is smaller than plant cell.
* Cell wall is absent.
* Vacuoles either are absent or if present are small in size.
* Plastids are absent.