Question

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Write a note on organisation of cells in Kingdom Animalia.

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Answer 1

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$\red{\bold{ Levels \:\:of :\: organization :}}$
All the members of kingdom Animalia are multicellular but the cellular organization is different.
e.g.
⏩ Cellular level of organisation - In sponges (animals of phylum porifera), cells are arranged as cell aggregates. This is called cellular level of organisation.
⏩ Tissue level of organisations - In coelentrates, the cells performing the same function are arranged into tissues. Hence, the phylum coelentrata forms tissue level of organisation.
⏩ Organ level of organisation - In platyhelminthes and other higher phyla, tissues are grouped together to form organs. These tissues are specialised to form a particular function. This is called as organ system level of organisation.
Now, these organ system in different phyla exhibit differences in pattern of complexities.
e.g. Molluscs have kidney like organs for excretion but an excretory system has a proper kidney. So, the excretory system in animals of phylum Mollusca is incomplete and improper.
Digestive system in Platyhelminthes is incomplete because they have a single opening that serves as both mouth and anus. A complete digestive system has two openings - mouth and anus.
Circulatory system are of two types :
▶ Open type - In open type circulatory system, there is no series of vessels for carrying blood. The blood is pumped by the heart and the cells and tissues are bathed in it.
▶ Closed type - In this type, blood is circulated to organs through a series of vessels. In human, there are three type of blood vessels :

$\red{Arteries}$ for carrying oxygenated blood except $\blue {pulmonary artery.}$

$\blue{Veins}$ for carrying deoxygenated blood except $\red {pulmonary vein.}$

Capillaries, where exchange of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood takes place.

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Answer 2

hi dear here is the answer

Animalia. The kingdom Animalia, or Metazoa, includes all animals. Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms, which are heterotrophic, meaning they obtain nutrition from organic sources. ... All animals, except for the sponges, are made up of cells organized into tissues that are specialized for some function.