hey guys can any one give me the importance of agriculture nearly (700 words )
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Agriculture is the cultivation and breeding of animals, plants and fungi for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal plants and other products used to sustain and enhance human life.[1]Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the development of civilization. The study of agriculture is known as agricultural science. The history of agriculture dates back thousands of years, and its development has been driven and defined by greatly different climates, cultures, and technologies. Industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture farming has become the dominant agricultural method.
Modern agronomy, plant breeding, agrochemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers, and technological developments have in many cases sharply increased yields from cultivation, but at the same time have caused widespread ecological damage and negative human health effects. Selective breeding and modern practices in animal husbandry have similarly increased the output of meat, but have raised concerns about animal welfare, environmental damage (such as massive drainage of resources such as water and feed fed to the animals, global warming, rainforest destruction, leftover waste products that are littered), and the health effects of the antibiotics, growth hormones, artificial additives and other chemicals commonly used in industrial meat production. Genetically modified organismsare an increasing component of agriculture, although they are banned in several countries. Agricultural food production and water management are increasingly becoming global issues that are fostering debate on a number of fronts. Significant degradation of land and water resources, including the depletion of aquifers, has been observed in recent decades, and the effects of global warming on agriculture and of agriculture on global warming are still not fully understood. However, entomophagy would solve most of the former problems, and may start to gain popularity among society in the West.[2]
The major agricultural products can be broadly grouped into foods, fibers, fuels, and raw materials. Specific foods include cereals(grains), vegetables, fruits, oils, meats and spices. Fibers include cotton, wool, hemp, silkand flax. Raw materials include lumber and bamboo. Other useful materials are also produced by plants, such as resins, dyes, drugs, perfumes, biofuels and ornamental products such as cut flowers and nursery plants. Over one third of the world's workers are employed in agriculture, second only to the service sector, although the percentages of agricultural workers in developed countries has decreased significantly over the past several centuries.
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Modern agronomy, plant breeding, agrochemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers, and technological developments have in many cases sharply increased yields from cultivation, but at the same time have caused widespread ecological damage and negative human health effects. Selective breeding and modern practices in animal husbandry have similarly increased the output of meat, but have raised concerns about animal welfare, environmental damage (such as massive drainage of resources such as water and feed fed to the animals, global warming, rainforest destruction, leftover waste products that are littered), and the health effects of the antibiotics, growth hormones, artificial additives and other chemicals commonly used in industrial meat production. Genetically modified organismsare an increasing component of agriculture, although they are banned in several countries. Agricultural food production and water management are increasingly becoming global issues that are fostering debate on a number of fronts. Significant degradation of land and water resources, including the depletion of aquifers, has been observed in recent decades, and the effects of global warming on agriculture and of agriculture on global warming are still not fully understood. However, entomophagy would solve most of the former problems, and may start to gain popularity among society in the West.[2]
The major agricultural products can be broadly grouped into foods, fibers, fuels, and raw materials. Specific foods include cereals(grains), vegetables, fruits, oils, meats and spices. Fibers include cotton, wool, hemp, silkand flax. Raw materials include lumber and bamboo. Other useful materials are also produced by plants, such as resins, dyes, drugs, perfumes, biofuels and ornamental products such as cut flowers and nursery plants. Over one third of the world's workers are employed in agriculture, second only to the service sector, although the percentages of agricultural workers in developed countries has decreased significantly over the past several centuries.
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Importance of Irrigation in Indian agriculture
Introduction: Irrigation refers to the process of supply of water through artificial means such as pipes, ditches, sprinklers, etc.
The irrigation system helps the farmers to have less dependency on rain-water for the purpose of agriculture. The necessity and importance of irrigation is highlighted below in points:
1. Variety of Climate: Indian climate and weather conditions experiences a varied range of climate. There is extreme heat at some places, while the climate remains extremely cold at other places. While there is excessive rainfall at some places, other places experience extreme dryness. So, irrigation is needed in India.
2. Irregular and uncertain monsoon: India is a land of monsoon. But monsoon is irregular and erratic in nature. Sometimes it comes easily and brings heavy rainfall, but sometimes it come late and brings inadequate rainfall. Further, there is irregularity in the distribution of rainfall throughout the year. The irrigation system helps the farmers to have less dependency on rain-water. During the months of inadequate rainfall, the crops are supplied water through irrigation systems.
3. Agriculture based economy: Indian economy is based on agriculture. A large portion of Indian population depends on agriculture. Without irrigation agriculture is not possible in dry areas or during the months of inadequate rainfall. Naturally, for the agricultural activities across diverse regions, there is a need for proper irrigation system.
4. Winter crop: India is a vast country with fertile plain lands suitable for Rabi as well Kharif crops. But there is no rainfall during winter months in several places. Without irrigation production of Rabi crops along with other crops is not possible. Rabi crops are grown during the long dry spell of winter season. This is possible mainly due to advanced irrigation facilities.
5. High breed seeds: At present because of high-breed seeds, crops can be produced at any seasons. But the production of crops is totally depending on water. The introduction of advanced irrigation system have enabled the farmers to produce crops even on during dry season.
6. Soil Character: In many places, the soils have less water-retaining capacities.
7. Jute and Paddy: Irrigation is needed for growing some thirsty plants like jute and paddy.
Conclusion: Hence, irrigation is of utmost importance for a agriculture based country like India. To feed a population of over one billion people, there is a need for production of crops round the year. But for this purpose, irrigation water is needed. So for the production of food crops and cash crops, irrigation is a must.
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Introduction: Irrigation refers to the process of supply of water through artificial means such as pipes, ditches, sprinklers, etc.
The irrigation system helps the farmers to have less dependency on rain-water for the purpose of agriculture. The necessity and importance of irrigation is highlighted below in points:
1. Variety of Climate: Indian climate and weather conditions experiences a varied range of climate. There is extreme heat at some places, while the climate remains extremely cold at other places. While there is excessive rainfall at some places, other places experience extreme dryness. So, irrigation is needed in India.
2. Irregular and uncertain monsoon: India is a land of monsoon. But monsoon is irregular and erratic in nature. Sometimes it comes easily and brings heavy rainfall, but sometimes it come late and brings inadequate rainfall. Further, there is irregularity in the distribution of rainfall throughout the year. The irrigation system helps the farmers to have less dependency on rain-water. During the months of inadequate rainfall, the crops are supplied water through irrigation systems.
3. Agriculture based economy: Indian economy is based on agriculture. A large portion of Indian population depends on agriculture. Without irrigation agriculture is not possible in dry areas or during the months of inadequate rainfall. Naturally, for the agricultural activities across diverse regions, there is a need for proper irrigation system.
4. Winter crop: India is a vast country with fertile plain lands suitable for Rabi as well Kharif crops. But there is no rainfall during winter months in several places. Without irrigation production of Rabi crops along with other crops is not possible. Rabi crops are grown during the long dry spell of winter season. This is possible mainly due to advanced irrigation facilities.
5. High breed seeds: At present because of high-breed seeds, crops can be produced at any seasons. But the production of crops is totally depending on water. The introduction of advanced irrigation system have enabled the farmers to produce crops even on during dry season.
6. Soil Character: In many places, the soils have less water-retaining capacities.
7. Jute and Paddy: Irrigation is needed for growing some thirsty plants like jute and paddy.
Conclusion: Hence, irrigation is of utmost importance for a agriculture based country like India. To feed a population of over one billion people, there is a need for production of crops round the year. But for this purpose, irrigation water is needed. So for the production of food crops and cash crops, irrigation is a must.
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