hey guys ..explain chloro alkali process fr 4 marks..??
Answers
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- The term chlor-alkali refers to the two chemicals (chlorine and an alkali) which are simultaneously produced as a result of the electrolysis of a saltwater.
- The most common chlor-alkali chemicals are chlorine and sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) but can include potassium hydroxide and one more acid but is not in 10 syllabus.
- In a chlor-alkali plant, four major phases occur: brine preparation, chlorine processing, caustic soda and hydrogen production.
- Approximately 40 percent of chlorine produced in the United States is used to make polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
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The electrolysis of brine is an industrial process for the electrolysis of sodium chloride solutions. It is the technology used to produce chlorine and sodium hydroxide(lye/caustic soda),[1] which are commodity chemicals required by industry. 35 million tons of chlorine were prepared by this process in 1987.[2] Industrial scale production began in 1892.
Usually the process is conducted on a brine (an aqueous solution of NaCl), in which case NaOH, hydrogen, and chlorine result. When using calcium chloride or potassium chloride, the products contain calcium or potassium instead of sodium. Related processes are known that use molten NaCl to give chlorine and sodium metal or condensed hydrogen chloride to give hydrogen and chlorine.
The process has a high energy consumption, for example over 4 billion kWh per year in West Germany in 1985.[3] Because the process gives equivalent amounts of chlorine and sodium hydroxide (two moles of sodium hydroxide per mole of chlorine), it is necessary to find a use for these products in the same proportion. For every mole of chlorine produced, one mole of hydrogen is produced. Much of this hydrogen is used to produce hydrochloric acid or ammonia, or is used in the hydrogenation of organic compounds.[4]