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Answers:
1. Phyllotaxy is the arrangement of leaves on a plant's stem.
2. There are two types of venation; reticulate and parallel venation.
3. A thin threadlike structure on a climbing plant, that helps in holding on to anything that supports the plant.
4. The L.S or the longitudinal section of a flower consists of both male and female reproductive parts.
- Carpel/Pistil= Stigma, style, ovary and ovules
- Stamen= Anther, filament
- Sepal, thalamus, petal, pedicel
5. The complete flower head of the plant including the stalk and flowers is known as inflorescence. The types of inflorescence are:-
-Simple Cyme
-Compound Dichasium
-Compound Cyme
-Helicoid Cyme
-Cincinnus
-Scorpioid Cyme
6. (a) Fibrous Roots- Roots arise from the base of the stem. Has many thin thread-like roots. Eg) Wheat
Adventious Roots- Roots arise from the parts of the plant other than the radical. Eg) Strawberry
(b) Apocarpous ovary consist of free carpels. It forms aggregate of fruits.
Example: custard apple, strawberry, Magnoliaceae
Syncarpous ovary consists of fused carpels. It forms a single fruit with one or many seeds. Eg) Coconut, Guava, Mango etc.
7. (a) Actinomorphic means floral symmetry or symmetry seen in plants parts especially flowers.
(b) Placentation refers to the formation, type and structure, or arrangement of the placenta.
(c) Epipetalous stamens are stamens that are attached to petals of the flowers instead of being inserted directly over the thalamus.
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