Question

Hey Guys. Please give me summary of the chapter " The Making of Global World" . If you don't know than don't answer ❌.

Answer 1

$\huge \fcolorbox{black}{pink}{Summary.}$

➢ Human societies have steady become more

interlinked.

➢ From ancient times travellers, traders,

priests and pilgrims travelled vast distances to

gain knowledge, more opportunities, religious

or spiritual fulfilment or to escape from

ill-treatment.

➢ The silk routes were retarded as the most

important route linking the distant parts of the

world.

➢ The silk cargoes from China were carried to

different regions of Europe along these routes.

➢ Arab traders took pasta to Sicily (Italy) in the

5th century.

➢ Foods like potatoes, soya, groundnuts,

maize, tomatoes, chillies, sweet potatoes etc

were introduced in Europe and Asia after

Christopher Columbus discovered America.

➢ In the 16th century, the pre-modern world

shrank after European sailor found a sea route

to Asia and America.

➢ The Spanish and Portuguese were the first

Europeans to conquer America in mid-16th

century. This conquest the was not a result of

superior firepower but because of germs of

diseases like smallpox that decimated the

original inhabitants of America and paved the

way for colonisation.

➢ Economists identified three types of flow,

viz, flow of trade, flow of labour, movement of

capital within international economic

exchanges.

➢ Technology and new inventions like railways,

steamships and the telegraph had a great

impact on the transformation of 19th century

world.

Answer 2

Answer:

The Pre Modern World

Travelers, traders, priest and pilgrims travelled vast distance for carrying goods, money, ideas, skills, inventions and even germs and disease.

Indus Vally civilisation was linked with West Asia.

Silk Route Link the World

Routes were existed even before the Christian Era and flourished till the 15th century.

The Buddhist preachers, Christian missionaries and later on Muslim preacher used to travel by Routes.

Routes proved to be a great source of trade and cultural links between distinct parts of the world.

Conquest, Disease and Trade:

In 16th century after European sailors found a sea route to Asia and America.

After the discovery of America, its vast lands and abundant crops and minerals began to transform trade and lives every where.

Precious metals, particularly silver from mines located in Peru and Mexico enhanced Europe’s wealth and financed its trade with Asia.

The most powerful weapon of the Spanish conquerors was not a conventional military weapon but germs of small pox which they carried.

The Nineteenth Century (1815 to 1914)

In the 19th Century, Economic, Political, Social, Cultural and technological factors interacted in complex ways to transform societies and reshape external relations.

Indentured labour means a bonded labourer under contract to work for an employer for a specific amount of time.

It brought higher income for some and poverty for others.

Most came from the present day regions of eastern Utter Pradesh, Bihar, Central India and Tamil Nadu.

These regions of India experienced many social changes like cottage industry declined, land rents rose and the lands were cleared for mines and plantation.

In 19th century indenture described as a new system of slavery.

Hosay, A riotous carnival in Trinidad when workers of all races and religions join in celebrating.

The Inter War Economic

The first World war was mainly fought in Europe.

During this time, the world experienced economic, political instability and another miserable war.

The first world war was fought between tow power bloc. On one were the allies – Britan, France, Russia and later joined the US. and on the opposite side -Germany, Austria, Hungary and Ottoman and Turkey.

this war lasted for 4 years.

First-time modern weapons like Machine gun, tanks, aircraft, chemical weapons etc were used on a massive scale.

Millions of soldiers had to be recruited from around the world. and most of them were men of working age.

Bretton Woods Institutions:

To deal with external surpluses and deficits a conference was held in July 1944 at Bretton woods in New Hampshire, U.S.A.

International Monetary Fund and World Bank were set up to finance post war restructuring.

The past war international economic system is known as Bretton Woods systems.

This system was based on fixed exchange rates.

IMF and World Bank are referred as Bretton Woods Twins.

U.S has an effective right of veto over key IMF and World Bank.

The Great depression

Agricultural overproduction remained a problem. It makes the price of agriculture products slumping.

Many countries financed their investment through the loan they got from the USA.

American capitalists stopped all loans to European countries.

In Europe, it led to a failure of some major banks and collapse of currencies like Sterling.

Doubling the import duties by the USA, which hit the world trade badly.

New International Economic Order – NIEO

Most developing countries did not benefit from the fast growth of Western economies in 1950’s & 60’s.

They organised themselves as a group. The group of 77 or G-77 to demand a New International Economic Order (NIEO).

It was a system that would give them real control over their natural resources more development assistance, fairer prices for raw materials and better access for their manufactured goods in developed countries markets.

MNCs:

Multinational corporations are large companies that operate in several countries at the same time.

High imports tariffs imposed by different governments forced MNCs to locate their manufacturing units.

Conclusion:

In last two decades, the economy of the world has changed a lot as countries like China, India and Brazil have achieved rapid economic development.

hope it helps

mark brainliest