Question

hey guys☺

what is an atom?

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Answer 1

$\huge\underline\mathrm{Atom}$

Atom :-

• The idea of the smallest unit of matter was first given by Maharshi Kanada in the 6th century B.C. in India. According to him, matter consists of indestructible minute particles called paramanus ( param means ultimate and anu means particle ) A paramanu does not exsist in free state, rather it combines with other paramanu to form a bigger particle called anu.
• Democritus (460 B.C. - 370 B.C.) , the famous Greek philosopher called the paramanu an atom, which in Greek means invisible.
• John Dalton, again at the year 1800 gave his atomic theory.
• His theory regarding atoms are :-

1. Matter consists of very small and indivisible particles called atom
2. Atoms can neither be created nor be destroyed
3. The atoms of an element are alike in all respects but they differ from the atoms of other elements.
4. Atoms of an element combine in small numbers to form molecules
5. Atoms of one element combine with atoms of another element in a simple ratio to form molecules of compounds.
6. Atoms are the smallest units of matter that can take part in chemical reaction

• All his theory are incorrect except that atoms take part in chemical reactions.

Definition :-

An atom is the smallest particle of an element. It may or may not exist independently but takes place in every chemical reaction.

E.g :- Neon (Ne) , Hydrogen (H) , etc .

Constituent of atom :-

Atom consists of three subatomic particles :-

• Electrons discovered by J.J.Thompson
• Protons discovered by E.Goldstien
• Neutrons discovered by James Chadwick

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● The first picture is of JOHN DALTON

● The second picture contains some details of atoms

●Third picture consists of an atom with complete structural view

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Answer 2

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◾️What is an Atom?

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for indivisible, because it was once thought that atoms were the smallest things in the universe and could not be divided. We now know that atoms are made up of three particles: protons, neutrons and electrons — which are composed of even smaller particles, such as quarks.

Atoms were created after the Big Bang 13.7 billion years ago. As the hot, dense new universe cooled, conditions became suitable for quarks and electrons to form. Quarks came together to form protons and neutrons, and these particles combined into nuclei. This all took place within the first few minutes of the universe's existence, according to CERN.

It took 380,000 years for the universe to cool enough to slow down the electrons so that the nuclei could capture them to form the first atoms. The earliest atoms were primarily hydrogen and helium, which are still the most abundant elements in the universe, according to Jefferson Lab. Gravity eventually caused clouds of gas to coalesce and form stars, and heavier atoms were (and still are) created within the stars and sent throughout the universe when the star exploded (supernova).

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Definition:-

the smallest part into which an element can be divided

In hindi

किसी तत्व का सबसे सूक्ष्‍म भाग; परमाणु

Additionally:

An atom is a particle of matter that uniquely defines achemical element. An atom consists of a central nucleus that is usually surrounded by one or more electrons. Each electron is negatively charged. The nucleus is positively charged, and contains one or more relatively heavy particles known as protons and neutrons.

• Components: Electrons and a compact nucleus of protons and neutrons
• Electric charge: zero (neutral), or ion charge
• Mass range: 1.67×10^−27 to 4.52×10^−25 kg
• Diameter range: 62 pm (He) to 520 pm (Cs) (data page)

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